Dissolution of the Soviet Union
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Was the process of internal disintegration within the Soviet Union (USSR) which resulted in the end of the country as a sovereign state, thereby resulting in its constituent republics gaining full independence.
Chronology
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August 1991: The parliament of the republic proclaimed the sovereignty of Belarus on 27 July 1990, and during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Belarus declared independence on 25 August 1991.
August 1991: The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991 shortly before the dissolution of the USSR in the same year.
September 1991: The Republic of Uzbekistan declared independence from the Soviet Union.
September 1991: The Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
October 1991: Independence of Turkmenistan.
December 1991: Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
August 1991: Independence of Moldavia.
September 1991: In September 1991, the Armenian majority of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region seceded to form the Republic of Artsakh.
September 1991: Tajikistan became an independent sovereign nation when the Soviet Union was disintegrating.
August 1991: The peaceful Singing Revolution, starting in 1987, called for Baltic emancipation from Soviet rule and condemning the Communist regime's illegal takeover. It ended with the Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia on 4 May 1990 and restoring de facto independence on 21 August 1991.
August 1991: In Estonoa, the peaceful Singing Revolution resulted in the restoration of de facto independence.
December 1991: On 25 December 1991, Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post-Soviet states. The Russian Federation (formerly the Russian SFSR) assumed the Soviet Union's rights and obligations and is recognized as its continued legal personality.
August 1991: Ukraine gained its independence in 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
August 1991: Independence of Kyrgyzistan.
December 1991: Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Russian space program continued to operate from Baikonur under the auspices of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
April 1991: Georgia's secession from the Soviet Union in April 1991.
Was an armed conflict mainly between pro-Transnistria and pro-Moldovan forces.
August 1991: Transnistria declares Independence from the Soviet Union.
December 1991: A group of around 20-25 people (6 of them with automatic guns) enter the village of Mălăieşti in Grigoriopol district and force its cititzens to submit to Transnistrian authorities. Meanwhile, the same incidents occur in Speia, Butor and Taşlîc.
December 1991: A group of armed separatists order the Slobozia police unit to accept the jurisdiction of Transnistria. The commander of this police unit is beaten and prevented from accessing his local force.
September 1990: The independence of the SSR of Moldova from the Soviet Union is declared.
October 1991: Tiraspol city Executive Committee issues a decision asking the local police force to refuse to cede authority to the authorities in Chişinău.
September 1991: A Police unit in Camenca is captured by separatists.
September 1991: A Police unit in Rîbniţa is captured by separatists.
December 1991: 700 Transnistrian guards and cossacks, force the authorities of Dubăsari to swear allegiance to Transnistria.
Was a war of independence which the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria waged against the Russian Federation from December 1994 to August 1996.
2.1.Chechen Secession
Was the secession of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria from the Soviet Union at the beginning of the First Chechen War.
September 1991: Militants of the All-National Congress of the Chechen People (NCChP) party, created by the former Soviet Air Force general Dzhokhar Dudayev, stormed a session of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR Supreme Soviet with the aim of asserting independence.
January 1993: In 1992 the Ingush joined the newly created Russian Federation to try to resolve the conflict with Ossetia peacefully.
November 1991: Chechnya declared full independence from Moscow in 1993 as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (ChRI).
2.2.Russian military intervention (First Chechen War)
Was the Russian military intervention in the breakaway Chechen Republic of Ichkeria during the First Chechen War.
April 1995: The border village of Samashki was seized by Russian troops.
August 1996: Battle of Grozny (August 1996).
February 1995: The First Battle of Grozny took place in 1995 in the capital of Chechnya.
2.3.Khasav-Yurt Accord
Russia and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria signed the Khasav-Yurt Accord on 31 August 1996, ending the First Chechen War.
August 1996: Khasav-Yurt Accord. Continuation of Chechnya's de facto independence, however de jure it remained a part of the Russian Federation,.
