Video Summary
Video Summary

Data

Name: Palestine War

Type: Event

Start: 1947 AD

End: 1949 AD

Parent: Arab-Israeli conflict

All Statistics: All Statistics

Icon Palestine War

If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this event you can find it here:All Statistics

Was a war that took place in Palestine, initially a British Mandate, between the Jewish population and the the Arab population (later with the support of the Arab league) of the region. It is traditionally divided in two phases: a civil war in the final phase of the British Mandate, and a full-scale invasion by a coalition of Arab countries after the British left Palestine. During the war the State of Israel was established.

Chronology


Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. 1947-1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine


Was a civil war between the Jewish and Arab populations of the British Mandate for Palestine, and the first phase of the 1948 Palestine War. The goal of the Jewish population was the creation of their own nation, whereas the Arab community, which represented the majority of the country, opposed this plan.

  • April 1948: Jaffa was conquered at the end of April 1948 with Operation Hametz.
  • May 1948: Israeli conquests until end of May during the 1947-1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine.
  • November 1947: When obligatory consicription was instituted, the Jewish held territories encompassed the zones with a Jewis-majority population.
  • April 1948: Tiberias fell in mid-end April.
  • April 1948: Haifa fell on 23 April. 15,000 Arabs evacuated the city during 21-22 April.

  • 1.1.Operation Nachshon

    Was a military operation carried out by Jewish paramilitary brigades during the 1947-1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine.

  • April 1948: Arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Nachshon.
  • April 1948: Between 5-20 April 1500 men from the Givati and Harel brigades took control of the road to Jerusalem.
  • August 1948: Bayt Thul was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Nachshon.

  • 1.2.Battle of Mishmar HaEmek

    Was a battle between the Arab Liberation Army (Yarmouk Battalion) and the Haganah (Palmach and HISH) during the 1947-1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine.

  • April 1948: Ghubayya al-Fauqa was occupied until mid-April, along with nearby Ghubayya al-Tahta.
  • April 1948: Palmach units gained control of the village of Abu Zurayq on April 12.
  • April 1948: Palmach units took the villages of Al-Mansi and Naghnaghiya.

  • 1.3.Operation Yiftach

    Was a military operation carried out by Jewish paramilitary brigades during the 1947-1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine.

  • May 1948: 'Ammuqa was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yiftach.
  • May 1948: Al-Shawka al-Tahta was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yiftach.
  • June 1948: By the end of the 1947-1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine, Zionist paramilitary organization Haganah conquered the Galilee panhandle from Tiberias to Metula.
  • April 1948: Arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yiftach.
  • May 1948: The elders of the city of Beisan surrendered to the Golani battalion.
  • May 1948: Khan al-Duway was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yiftach.
  • May 1948: Arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yiftach.
  • June 1948: Al-Dirbashiyya was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yiftach.
  • May 1948: Al-Zawiya was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yiftach.
  • May 1948: Al-Mansura, Safad were among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yiftach.
  • June 1948: Al-Shuna was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yiftach.
  • June 1948: Taytaba was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yiftach.
  • June 1948: Al-Didara was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yiftach.

  • 1.4.Operation Yevusi

    Was a military operation carried out by Jewish paramilitary brigades during the 1947-1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine.

  • May 1948: The Palmah force took over Katamon, a neighborhood in south-central Jerusalem, at the end of April 1948.
  • April 1948: On the night of 24/25 April the Palmah's Harle Brigade, under the command of Yitzhak Rabin, captured Sheikh Jarrah.

  • 1.5.Operation Ben-Ami

    Was a military operation carried out by Jewish paramilitary brigades during the 1947-1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine.

  • May 1948: al-Tall was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Ben-Ami.
  • May 1948: Arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Ben-Ami.
  • May 1948: Umm al-Faraj was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Ben-Ami.
  • May 1948: On May 17, 1948 Israeli troops took control of Acre
  • May 1948: al-Kabri was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Ben-Ami.
  • May 1948: al-Ghabisiyya was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Ben-Ami.
  • June 1948: al-Birwa was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Ben-Ami.

  • 1.6.Operation Kilshon

    Was a military operation carried out by Jewish paramilitary brigades during the 1947-1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine.

  • May 1948: Jewish forces from the Haganah and Irgun executed Operation Kilshon ("Pitchfork"). Its aim was to capture the Jewish suburbs of Jerusalem.

  • 1.7.Operation Hiram

    Was a military operation carried out by Jewish paramilitary brigades during the 1947-1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine.

  • June 1948: Al-Malikiyya, evacuated by its Lebanese and Palestinian defenders, was captured without a fight by the Israelis during Operation Hiram.

  • 2. 1948 Arab-Israeli War


    Was a war between the newly established State of Israel and a coalition of Arab states. It was the second phase of the Palestine War of 1948. After the evacuation of the British forces from the Mandate for Palestine, Israel declared its independence, and Palestine was invaded by a coalition of Arab states.

  • June 1948: Advances of the Syrian forces in Palestine by the end of June 1948.
  • May 1948: Unilateral declaration of Independence of the State of Israel.

  • 2.1.Southern Front - Operation Uvda

    Was a military operation by Israeli forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

  • March 1948: The Jewish Alexandroni Brigade captured Masada.
  • March 1948: The Negev Brigade occupied Ras al-Naqb.
  • March 1948: The Jewish Alexandroni Brigade moved from Beersheba through Mamshit towards Sodom.
  • March 1948: On March 9, Golani forces captured Gharandal.
  • March 1948: Jewish Negev forces moved towards Umm Rashrash through the Valley of Fingers.
  • March 1948: The Jewish Alexandroni Brigade captured Ein Gedi.
  • March 1948: On March 10, the Negev Brigade completed the occupation of southern Negev.

  • 2.2.Central Front (1948 Arab-Israeli War)

    Were a series of battles on the central front of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War at the beginning of the war.

  • May 1948: Jordanian forces invaded Mandatory Palestine and moved towards Nablus and Ramallah.
  • May 1948: Latrun is occupied by the 3rd Jordanian Brigade.
  • May 1948: Iraqi forces march on the triangle of Jenin - Nablus - Tulkarem.
  • May 1948: Lydda and Ramleh are occupied by the 3rd Jordanian Brigade.
  • May 1948: The Jewish quarter of Jerusalem fell to the Jordanian Arab Legion on 28 May 1948.
  • July 1948: Irgun paramilitary Units and the Etzioni Brigade occupied the Arab village of Malha.

  • 2.3.Northern Front (1948 Arab-Israeli War)

    Were a series of battles on the northern front of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War at the beginning of the war.

  • May 1948: Galilee is conquered by the Arab Liberation Army.
  • June 1948: On June 10, 1948 Syrian forces attacked the kibbutz Mishmar Hayarden.

  • 2.4.Southern Front (1948 Arab-Israeli War)

    Were a series of battles on the southern front of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War at the beginning of the war.

  • May 1948: Egyptian troops moved up the coast through what is now the Gaza Strip, to above Ashdod, before being stopped in late May.
  • May 1948: The Jordanian Arab League reached the southern suburbs of Jerusalem.
  • May 1948: Until May 21, the Egyptian forces had occupied Beersheba and reached Bethlehem.
  • November 1948: With Operation Shmone the Arab village of Iraq Suwaydan fell to Israeli forces.
  • January 1949: With Operation Yaov, northern Negev was conquered by Israeli forces by 7 January 1949.

  • 2.5.Northern Front - Operation Hiram

    Was a military operation by Israeli forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

  • October 1948: Sakhnin was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • June 1948: Lebanese forces captured the village of al-Malikiyya.
  • October 1948: Al-Nabi Rubin was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Maghar was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: al-Farradiyya was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Sabalan, Safad were among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Deir Hanna was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Jish was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Kuakab was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Al Bi'na was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Mi'ilya was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Mirun was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Safsaf was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Tarshiha was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Sa'sa was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Suhmata was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Dayr al-Qassi was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Eilabun was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Dayshum was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Fara was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Fassuta was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Ghabbatiyya was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Kafr 'Inan was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Kafr Bir'im was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Arab al-Samniyya was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Iqrit was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Iribbin, Khirbat were among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Hula was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Kafr Manda was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Arraba was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Alma was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Hiram.
  • October 1948: Operation Hiram resulted in the Israeli conquest of Upper Galilee.
  • October 1948: Al-Malikiyya, evacuated by its Lebanese and Palestinian defenders, was captured without a fight by the Israelis during Operation Hiram.

  • 2.6.Central Front - Operation Danny

    Was a military operation by Israeli forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

  • July 1948: Suba was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Al-Muzayri'a was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Artuf was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Rantiya was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Majdal Yaba was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: al-Burj was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Al-Tira was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Barfiliya was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Daniyal was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Bir Ma'in was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Al-Haditha was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Shilta was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Khirbat al-Lawz was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Lydda was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Al-Jura was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Sar'a was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Jimzu was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Bayt Nabala was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Salbit was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Dayr Tarif was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Kharruba was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: al-Barriyya was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: 'Innaba was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Ramle was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.
  • July 1948: Kh al-Buwayra was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Danny.

  • 2.7.Northern Front - Operation Dekel

    Was a military operation by Israeli forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

  • July 1948: Rummana was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Al-Mujaydil was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Al-Makr was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Saffuriya was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Uzeir was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Shefa-'Amr was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Kuwaykat was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Mi'ar was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Tamra, was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Kafr Yasif was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Khirbat Jiddin was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Julis was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: I'billin was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Ma'lul was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Nazareth was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: ad-Damun was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Lubya was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Hittin was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Kfar Kanna was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Bu'eina was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Nahf was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.
  • July 1948: Nimrin was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Dekel.

  • 2.8.Southern Front - Operation Yoav

    Was a military operation by Israeli forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

  • October 1948: Isdud was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • October 1948: Bayt Tima was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • November 1948: Al-Jiyya was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • October 1948: Al-Khalasa was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • October 1948: Kidna was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • October 1948: Bayt 'Affa was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • October 1948: Dayr Sunayd was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • October 1948: Al-Qubayba was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • October 1948: Beersheba was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • November 1948: Hiribya was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • October 1948: Hulayqat was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • October 1948: Kawkaba was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • October 1948: Ra'na was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • October 1948: Zikrin was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • October 1948: 'Ajjur was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • October 1948: Bayt Jibrin was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • October 1948: al-Dawayima was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • November 1948: Hamama was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.
  • November 1948: al-Majdal was among the arab communities captured by Israel during Operation Yoav.

  • 2.9.Southern Front - Operation Horev

    Was a military operation by Israeli forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

  • December 1948: On 29 December the Israeli Eighty-second and Ninth battallions arrived at the outksirts of El Arīsh (Egypt).
  • December 1948: Arab defeat at al-Auja on December 27, 1948.

  • 3. 1949 Armistice Agreements


    Were a series of agreements between Israel, Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria that formally ended the 1948 Arab-Israel War.

  • July 1949: By 20 July Israel made Armistice Agreements with Egypt, Lebanon, Transjordan, and Syria, ending the 1947-1949 Palestine war. Israel was left with the part of Mandatory Palestine it had conquered during the war.
  • July 1949: By 20 July Israel made Armistice Agreements with Egypt, Lebanon, Transjordan, and Syria, ending the 1947-1949 Palestine war. Western Jordan remains occupied by Jordan.
  • July 1949: By 20 July Israel made Armistice Agreements with Egypt, Lebanon, Transjordan, and Syria, ending the 1947-1949 Palestine war. Israel left the territories that it had occupied outside Mandatory Palestine.
  • July 1949: By 20 July Israel made Armistice Agreements with Egypt, Lebanon, Transjordan, and Syria, ending the 1947-1949 Palestine war. The Gaza strip remains occupied by Egypt.

  • Selected Sources


  • Acre (Akko). Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved on 6 April 2024 on https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/acre-akko
  • Alain Gresh et Dominique Vidal, Palestine 47, un partage avorté, 1994, p. 177.
  • Dominique Lapierre and Larry Collins, O Jérusalem, Robert Laffont, 1971. p. 372
  • Filiu, J. (2023): Gaza - A History, Hurst Publishers, Chapter 4 "The Catastrophe"
  • Gilbert, M. (2012): The Routledge Atlas of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 10th Edition, Routledge, p.44
  • Gilbert, M. (2012): The Routledge Atlas of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 10th Edition, Routledge, p.46
  • Gilbert, M. (2012): The Routledge Atlas of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 10th Edition, Routledge, p.50
  • Golani, M. (2009): The End of the British Mandate for Palestine, 1948: The Diary of Sir Henry Gurney, Springer, p.183
  • Golani, M. / Manna, A. (2011): Two sides of the coin: Independence and Nakba 1948, Institute for Historical Justice and Reconciliation, p. 116
  • Ilan Pappé, La guerre de 1948 en Palestine, La fabrique éditions, 2000, ISBN 978-2-264-04036-7* Eugène Rogan, Avi Shlaim et al., La guerre de Palestine 1948: derrière le mythe, Autrement, 2002, p.80
  • Iraq Swaidan (village). Palestinian Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 6 April 2024 on https://web.archive.org/web/20210426063419/https://www.palestinapedia.net/عراق-سويدان-قرية/
  • Israel-1er-juin-1948-bis. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 6 April on https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Israel-1er-juin-1948-bis.png
  • Kerr, R.M. (2020): Syrian Civil War: The Essential Reference Guide, Bloomsbury Publishing USA, p. 173
  • Khalidi, W. (1992): All that Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948, Institute for Palestine Studies, p. 143
  • Khalidi, W. (1992): All that Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948, Institute for Palestine Studies, p. 159-161
  • Khalidi, W. (1992): All that Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948, Institute for Palestine Studies, p. 471
  • Khalidi, W. (1992): All that Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948, Institute for Palestine Studies, p. 5
  • Khalidi, W. (1992): All that Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948, Institute for Palestine Studies, p. 8
  • Khalidi, W. (1992): All that Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948, Institute for Palestine Studies, p. 9ff
  • Kumaraswamy, P.R. (2015): Historical Dictionary of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, Rowman & Littlefield, p.89
  • Louis, W.R. (1984): The British Empire in the Middle East, 1945-1951: Arab Nationalism, the United States, and Postwar Imperialism, Clarendon Press, p. 756
  • Morris, B. (1989): The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949, Cambridge University Press, p. 106
  • Morris, B. (1989): The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949, Cambridge University Press, p. 117
  • Morris, B. (1989): The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949, Cambridge University Press, pp. 217-219
  • Morris, B. (2003): Victimes: histoire revisitée du conflit arabo-sioniste, Editions Complexe, p.238
  • Morris, B. (2003): Victimes: histoire revisitée du conflit arabo-sioniste, Editions Complexe, p.247
  • Morris, B. (2003): Victimes: histoire revisitée du conflit arabo-sioniste, Editions Complexe, p.265
  • Morris, B. (2003): Victimes: histoire revisitée du conflit arabo-sioniste, Editions Complexe, pp. 254, 257
  • Morris, B. (2008): 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War, Yale University Press, p.234,
  • Morris, B. (2008): 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War, Yale University Press, p.346
  • Naor, M. (2013): Social Mobilization in the Arab/Israeli War of 1948: On the Israeli Home Front, Routledge, p. 140
  • Operation Ben-Ami. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 30 March 2024 on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Ben-Ami
  • Operation Danny. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 30 March 2024 on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Danny
  • Operation Dekel. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 30 March 2024 on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Dekel
  • Operation Hiram. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 30 March 2024 on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Hiram
  • Operation Nachshon. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 30 March 2024 on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Nachshon
  • Operation Uvda (March 5 - March 10, 1949). Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved on 6 April 2024 on https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/operation-uvda
  • Operation Yiftach. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 30 March 2024 on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Yiftach
  • Operation Yoav. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 30 March 2024 on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Yoav
  • Tal, D. (2004): War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy, Routledge, p. 114
  • Tal, D. (2004): War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy, Routledge, p. 119
  • Tal, D. (2004): War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy, Routledge, p. 205
  • Tal, D. (2004): War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy, Routledge, p. 210
  • israel_hist_1947. University of Texas Libraries. Retrieved on 6 April 2024 on https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/israel_hist_1973.jpg
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