Wars of Ramesses II
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Military campaigns of Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II.
Chronology
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January 1274 BC: The first campaign of pharaoh Ramesses II took place in Syria ca. in the fourth year of his reign. He captured the Hittite vassal state of Amurru.
Military campaign of Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II in Syria.
June 1274 BC: Battle of Kadesh: the Hittites defeated the Egyptians. Egypt's sphere of influence was now restricted to Canaan while Syria fell into Hittite hands.
Military campaign of Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II in Syria.
January 1271 BC: Canaanite princes, seemingly encouraged by the Egyptian incapacity to impose their will and goaded on by the Hittites, began revolts against Egypt. In the seventh year of his reign, Ramesses II returned to Syria once again. The reunited army then marched on Hesbon, Damascus, on to Kumidi, and finally, recaptured Upi (the land around Damascus), reestablishing Egypt's former sphere of influence.
The army of Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II left Tunip, a city in the Levant.
January 1269 BC: The conquests of pharaoh Ramesses II in Syria proved to be ephemeral. The Hittites soon reconquered the lands of Tunip, Dapur, Amurru and Kadesh.
Military campaign of Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II in Syria.
January 1268 BC: Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II marched once more in Syria during his tenth year. He took towns in Retenu, and Tunip in Naharin.
Military campaigns in Syria during the late reign of Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II.
5.1.Egyptian-Hittite peace treaty
Was a treaty concluded between Ramesses II and Ḫattušili III in year 21 of Ramesses's reign (c. 1258 BC). The frontiers are not laid down in this treaty, but may be inferred from other documents. The harbour town of Sumur, north of Byblos, is mentioned as the northernmost town belonging to Egypt, suggesting it contained an Egyptian garrison.
January 1257 BC: The Egyptian-Hittite peace treaty (or the treaty of Kadesh) between Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II and Hittite king Ḫattušili III was ratified in the 21st year of Ramesses II's reign (1258 BC) and continued in force until the Hittite Empire collapsed eighty years later. The frontiers are not laid down in this treaty, but the harbour town of Sumur, north of Byblos, is mentioned as the northernmost town belonging to Egypt, suggesting it contained an Egyptian garrison.
Military campaign of Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II in Libya.
January 1212 BC: During the reign of Ramesses II, the Egyptians were evidently active on a 300 kilometers stretch along the Lybian coast, at least as far as Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham. Although the exact events surrounding the foundation of the coastal forts and fortresses is not clear, some degree of political and military control must have been held over the region to allow their construction.
Selected Sources
Grimal, Nicolas-Christophe (1992). A History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-17472-1., p. 256.
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, pp.4-5
