Unification of Saudi Arabia
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Were a series of wars and events that resulted in the establishment of modern-day Saudi Arabia.
Chronology
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September 1932: On 23 September 1932, Ibn Saud proclaimed the union of the main Saudi dominions of al-Hasa, Qatif, Nejd and the Hejaz as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
December 1925: In December 1925 the Kingdom of Hejaz surrendered to the forces of Abdul Aziz, who was thereafter proclaimed king of Hejaz in January 1926 and merged his dominions into the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.
January 1914: In 1913, Emir Abdulaziz Al Saud of Riyadh captured the Sanjak of Hasa from the Ottomans, expanding his territory in the Arabian Peninsula.
January 1914: In 1913 Ibn Saud launched an attack on Hofuf, where 1,200 Turkish troops had been stationed since the province's annexation in 1871. The Ottoman garrison was expelled from Hasa, and the territory fell to the Al Saud.
May 1913: The Emirate of Nejd and Hasa was formed after Saudi forces seized Al-Ahsa from the control of the Ottoman garrison, during the Conquest of al-Hasa.
January 1922: The Sultanate of Nejd was the second iteration of the third Saudi state, from 1921.
January 1902: In 1902, Abdulaziz Ibn Saud succeeded in recapturing Riyadh for the House of Saud.
December 1915: The British entered into the Treaty of Darin, which made the lands of the House of Saud a British protectorate.
January 1927: Border expansion of Nejd and Hejaz (based on maps).
January 1924: The Sheikdom of Upper Asir was occupied and annexed by the Sultanate of Nejd in 1923.
July 1919: The First Saudi-Hashemite War or the Al-Khurma dispute took place in 1918-1919 between Abdulaziz Ibn Abdul Rahman AlSaud of the Emirate of Nejd and the Hashemites of the Kingdom of Hejaz. It resulted in the defeat of the Hashemite forces and capture of al-Khurma by the Saudis.
May 1927: The Treaty of Darin was superseded by the Treaty of Jeddah. It recognised the independence of Ibn Saud and sovereignty over what was then known as the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.
October 1926: Due to the fear of his realm being annexed, especially by Yemen, the Emir signed a deal with Ibn Saud on a protectorate treaty in which the foreign policy would be handled by the Saudis.
Was a conflict between Saudi loyalist forces of the newborn Emirate of Riyadh and the Emirate of Ha'il (Jabal Shammar), supported by the Rashidis.
January 1908: After several clashes, the Rashīdis (Jabal Shammar) and Saudis (Riyadh) engaged into a full scale war over the region of Qassim, which resulted in a painful defeat for the Rashīdis.
April 1906: Saudi forces takevore the al-Qassim region after a decsivie victory against the Emirate of Jabal Shammar.
Was a Saudi expedition to conquer the Oasis of Al-Hasa, that was controlled by the Ottoman Empire since 1871.
May 1913: The Conquest of the al-Hasa Oasis from the Ottomans was achieved by the Saudi forces of ibn Saud with support from the Ikhwan (a religious militia made up of nomadic tribesmen) in April 1913.
Was a war between the Saudi state of Nejd and Kuwait caused by the Saudis goal to annex Kuwait.
October 1920: Battle of Jahra.
December 1922: The Uqair Protocol or Uqair Convention was an agreement at Uqair on 2 December 1922 which defined the boundaries between Iraq and the Sultanate of Nejd and between Kuwait and Nejd. It was imposed by Percy Cox, the British High Commissioner to Iraq, in response to Bedouin raiders from Nejd under Ibn Saud.
Was a war between the Emirate of Jabal Shammar and the Saudi Sultanate of Nejd.
November 1921: The last Al Rashid dynasty rulers surrendered Jabal Shammar to the Saudi forces.
Was a military campaign of the Saudi Sultanate of Nejd that resulted in the annexion of the Kingdom of Hejaz.
October 1924: In 1924, the city of Mecca fell without struggle to the forces of Abdulaziz Ibn Saud, the founder of the Sultanate of Nejd.
December 1925: The city of Medina surrendered to Saudi forces.
January 1926: Jeddah was handed to Sultan Abdulaziz of Nejd and Saudi forces on December 1925, with the Saudi forces entering its gates on January 8, 1926, after capitulation and safe passage was negotiated between King bin Ali, Sultan Abdulaziz, and the British Consul by the city's ruler Sheikh Abdullah Alireza.
December 1925: Yanbu conquered by great britain.
August 1924: Ibn-Saud began his military campaign against Hejaz by advancing towards Taif, which surrendered without a major struggle.
