Conquests of Murad II
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Expansion during the rule of Murad II in the Ottoman Sultanate.
Chronology
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January 1435: The Principality of Gjirokastër was abolished after the Ottoman invasion in 1434.
January 1422: The Ottomans conquered parts of Albania.
September 1427: Immediately after becoming the ruler of Serbia, in the summer of 1427, Đurađ was faced with the challenge of an Ottoman invasion. The Ottomans occupied Kruševac and Niš, the Dubočica region including Leskovac, and most of the Toplica region.
January 1432: In 1431, the Sanjak of Albania was created out of areas in present-day western Albania.
January 1435: In 1434, Alušta was taken over by the Ottoman Sultanate from Venetian control.
June 1437: In 1437, the Ottoman Empire invaded Serbia, leading to negotiations between Serbian ruler Đurađ Branković and the Sultan. As a result, an unfavorable peace agreement was reached, with Braničevo being ceded to the Ottoman Sultanate.
January 1426: The Ottomans permanently conquered the town of Amisus (Simesso/Samsun).
January 1427: In 1426, the Beylik of Aydin was annexed by the Ottoman Empire under the rule of Sultan Murad II. The Beylik of Aydin was a Turkish principality that had been established after the collapse of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum.
The first full-scale Ottoman siege of Constantinople took place in 1422 as a result of the Byzantine Emperor Manuel II's attempts to interfere in the succession of Ottoman Sultans, after the death of Mehmed I in 1421.
October 1422: The Siege of Constantinople in 1422 was led by the Ottoman Sultan Murad II against the Byzantine Emperor John VIII. The city was successfully defended by the Byzantine forces, preventing its capture by the Ottomans.
June 1422: The Siege of Constantinople in 1422 was led by Ottoman Sultan Murad II against the Byzantine Empire, ruled by Emperor John VIII Palaiologos. The city eventually fell to the Ottomans, solidifying their control over the region.
Saw the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Murad II capture the city of Thessalonica.
Serbia was invaded and annexed by the Ottoman Empire.
January 1441: In 1440, Sultan Murad II of the Ottoman Empire failed to capture Belgrade from Hungary (Personal Union with Poland). He had to return to Anatolia to defend against attacks by the Karamanids.
January 1439: After the death of King Sigismund of Hungary in 1437, the Ottoman intensified their attacks in the region. In 1438, they successfully occupied Borač.
January 1439: In 1438, Ottoman Sultan Murad II attacked the Serbian Despotate, forcing Despot Đurađ Branković to cede the territories of Ždrelo and Višesav. This marked a significant loss for the Serbian state in its ongoing struggle against the Ottoman Empire.
August 1439: In 1439, the Ottoman army, led by Sultan Murad II, launched an attack on Smederevo, resulting in the city falling under Ottoman control. Smederevo was a strategic fortress in Serbia and its capture was a significant victory for the Ottoman Sultanate.
November 1439: At the end of 1439, Smederevo capitulated and Murad succeeded in making Serbia an Ottoman province.
January 1441: In 1440, Ottoman Sultan Murad II besieged Belgrade, a key fortress on Hungary's border. The siege was led by Hungarian military commander John Hunyadi, who successfully defended the city against the Ottoman forces.
The crusaders were defeated by the Ottoman troops and left the Varna region.
