kilwa kisiwani
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Kilwa Kisiwani
Kilwa Kisiwani (Portugal)
Establishment
January 801: Kilwa Kisiwani is an archaeological city-state site located along the Swahili Coast on the Kilwa archipelago. It was occupied from at least the 8th century CE and became one of the most powerful settlements along the coast.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a succession crisis caused by the death of the King of Portugal without heirs. The conflict saw two main claimants to the Portuguese throne: António, Prior of Crato, proclaimed in several towns as King of Portugal, and his first cousin Philip II of Spain, who eventually succeeded in claiming the crown, reigning as Philip I of Portugal.
October 1580: Philip II of Spain succeeded in claiming the Portuguese crown, reigning as Philip I of Portugal.
Expansion during the rule of Murad III in the Ottoman Empire.
2.1.Ottoman-Portuguese conflicts (1586-1589)
Were armed military engagements which took place between the Portuguese Empire and the Ottoman Empire along the coast of eastern Africa.
2.1.1.Portuguese Counterattack
Were a series of Portuguese military actions against African rebels and the Ottomans during the Ottoman-Portuguese conflicts (1586-1589).
May 1589: After capturing the Ottoman corsair Mir Ali Bey, the Portuguese reestablished suzerainty over the entire Swahili coast, using diplomacy or force of arms.
Was a revolution organized by the Portuguese nobility and bourgeoisie sixty years after the crowning of Philip I (Philip II of Spain), the first "dual monarch", that ended the Iberian Union.
November 1640: A revolution organized by the nobility and bourgeoisie on 1 December 1640, sixty years after the crowning of Philip I (Philip II of Spain), the first "dual monarch", ended the Iberian Union between Portugal and Spain.
January 958: The story of Kilwa begins around 960-1000 AD when the Swahili city-state of Kilwa Kisiwani was founded.
January 1196: Suleiman Hassan, the ninth successor of Ali (and 12th ruler of Kilwa, c. 1178-1195), wrested control of the southerly city of Sofala.
January 1201: The Pate Sultanate was a sultanate from at least the beginning of the 13th.
January 1251: Malindi was resettled by 1250.
January 1451: The zenith of the Kilwa Kisiwani power was reached in the 15th century. In this period the Swahili Coast was dominated by the powerful city-state of Kilwa Kisiwani, which controlled trade along the East African coast. Kilwa Kisiwani expanded to control Malindi, Inhambane and Sofala and the island-states of Mombassa, Pemba, Zanzibar, Mafia, Comoro and parts of of Mozambique.
January 1481: The Maravi Confederacy was founded by the Bantu people immigrating into the valley of the Shire River (flowing out of Lake Nyassa) around 1480 AD. The territory was later incorporated into the Kingdom of Maravi, ruled by the famous leader Kalonga.
January 1501: The Sultanate of Bambao was a state on the island of Grande Comore. Its capital was the town of Iconi.
January 1501: Establishment of the Sultanate of Mayotte.
January 1501: The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama reached the Island of Mozambique in 1498, establishing a trade route to India. By 1500, the Portuguese had gained control of the island and the port city of Sofala, solidifying their presence in the region.
January 1501: In about 1500, the Sultanate of Ndzuwani (Anjouan) was founded, which took over the entire island.
January 1501: Establishment of the Sultanate of Mwali.
January 1503: Mvita (Kiswahili) or Manbasa (Arabic) sultanate independent from Kilwa Kisiwani.
January 1505: In 1503 or 1504, Zanzibar became part of the Portuguese Empire.
January 1506: Very quickly the Portuguese took over the trade in gold, textiles, spices, ivory and slaves: the city was destroyed for the first time in 1505, and submitted like the other sultanates on the coast.
January 1507: The island of Pemba was occupied by Portugal.
January 1507: From 1506 to 1698 Lamu was ruled by the Portuguese.
January 1513: Arab mercenaries freed Kilwa from Portuguese domination and the city partially regained its prosperity.
January 1516: In 1515, the Portuguese explorer Tristão da Cunha established control over the coast of actual Mozambique, including Sofala and Kilwa. This marked the expansion of Portuguese influence in southeast Africa, as they sought to establish trade routes and control over valuable resources in the region.
January 1516: Kilwa conquered by portugal.
January 1531: By the 1530s, small groups of Portuguese traders and prospectors seeking gold penetrated the interior regions of Mozambique, where they set up garrisons and trading posts at Sena and Tete.
January 1688: In 1687, the Uluguru territory was formed in eastern Tanzania by the Luguru linguistic group.
Disestablishment
January 1785: In 1784, the island of Kilwa came under the rule of the Sultans of Oman and Zanzibar.
Selected Sources
Fernández Álvarez, M. (1998): Felipe II y su tiempo, cuarta edición, p. 523
de Oliveira Marques , A. H. R.(1972): History of Portugal, Columbia University Press, p. 322-325
