chad
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The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Colony of Chad (France)
Colony of Chad (Vichy France)
Republic of Chad
Establishment
April 1900: Battle of Kousséri: the Bornu Empire is defeated and integrated into the French colonial empire.
September 1900: On September 5, 1900, the borders of the French Colony of Chad were formally established.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945 (it started sooner in certain regions) between the Axis Powers (mainly Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (mainly the Soviet Union, the U.S.A., the U.K., China and France). It was the war with more fatalities in history. The war in Asia began when Japan invaded China on July 7, 1937. The war in Europe began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. The war ended with the complete defeat of the Axis powers, which were occupied by the Allies.
1.1.World War II (All other Vichy France Colonies)
Refers to the events that happened in French Colonies that decided to be loyal to the German puppet state of Vichy France.
July 1940: With the creation of Vichy France, initially all French colonies were aligned with Vichy.
August 1940: Chad Governor Félix Éboué becomes loyal to Free France.
1.2.World War II (North African Theatre)
Was the North African theatre of World War II.
April 1943: The Military Territory of Fezzan-Ghadames was a territory in the southern part of the former Italian colony of Libya occupied and administered by the French from 1943.
A series of conflictes between Libya and Chad caused by border disputes over the Aouzou stripe.
August 1978: On the night of August 27, 1978, Ahmat Acyl, leader of the Islamist faction of FROLINAT known as the Armée Volcan, attacked Faya-Largeau with the support of Libyan forces in what was an apparent attempt by Gaddafi to remove Goukouni from leading the movement.
November 1980: In early October, Libyan troops, led by Khalifa Haftar and Ahmed Oun, entered the Aouzou strip.
December 1981: On October 29, Goukouni demanded the complete and unequivocal withdrawal of Libyan troops from Chadian territory, which, starting from the capital, was completed by December 31. The Libyans redeployed in the Aouzou strip.
November 1982: With Libyan support, Goukouni put the GUNT back on its feet by establishing itself in October in Bardaï.
June 1983: Faya-Largeau in northern Chad is occupied by Libyan forces.
July 1983: Goukouni's forces were defeated and Habré launched a vast counter-offensive which allowed him to retake Abéché, Biltine, Fada in rapid succession.
July 1983: Faya-Largeau conquered by Republic of Chad.
August 1983: In 1983, the GUNT forces, led by former Chadian President Goukouni Oueddei, advanced quickly towards the towns of Koro Toro, Oum Chalouba, and Abéché in Chad.
August 1983: The GUNT-Libyan alliance invested the Faya-Largeau oasis.
August 1983: The French government established a limit (Red Line) along the 15th parallel, from Mao to Abéché, and warned that it would not tolerate any incursions south of this line by Libyan or GUNT troops. Both the French and the Libyans remained on their side of the line, effectively dividing Chad in two.
January 1987: In 1987, Chadian President Hissène Habré launched an offensive to retake the northern territories from Libyan forces. The attack on the heavily fortified Libyan communications base in Fada marked the beginning of Habré's successful reconquest of the region.
April 1987: Chadian assaults on B'ir Kora and Ouadi Doum.
September 1987: Aouzou fell to the FANTs.
September 1987: Chad's army also entered Libyan territory and destroyed three air bases in the southern Libyan desert.
September 1987: The ceasefire left open the dispute over the Aouzou strip.
2.1.Occupation of Aouzou Strip
Was the military invasion and occupation of the Aozou Stripe, in Chad, by Libyan forces.
July 1973: Tombalbaye broke diplomatic relations with Israel and is said to have secretly agreed on 28 November to cede the Aouzou Strip to Libya. In exchange, Gaddafi pledged 40 million pounds to the Chadian President and the two countries signed a Treaty of Friendship in December 1972. Six months after the signing of the 1972 treaty, Libyan troops moved into the Strip and established an airbase just north of Aouzou, protected by surface-to-air missiles. A civil administration was set up, attached to Kufra, and Libyan citizenship was extended to the few thousand inhabitants of the area. From that moment, Libyan maps represented the area as part of Libya.
2.2.Ibrahim Abatcha offensive
Was a Libyan offensive against Chad that resulted in the occupation of northern Chad by Libyan forces.
February 1978: Ibrahim Abatcha offensive on 29 January 1978 against the last outposts held by the government in northern Chad: Faya-Largeau, Fada and Ounianga Kébir. The attacks were successful, and Oueddei and the Libyans assumed control of the BET Prefecture.
January 1902: French authority over the Bagirmi itself secured after the death of Rabih, who was a powerful warlord in Chad.
January 1903: Expansion of German Kamerun after border treaties with France (1902).
February 1906: A decree of February 11, 1906, relating to the reorganization of the possessions of the French Congo and dependencies, merged Ubangi-Shari and Chad to form the Colony of Ubangi-Shari-Chad.
April 1916: On April 12, 1916, the are of the modern-day Central African Republic again became the separate colony of Ubangi-Shari.
January 1917: Dar Sila was finally incorporated into the colonial possessions of French West Africa of Chad after 1916.
January 1935: After prolonged discussions through the 1920s, in 1935, under the Mussolini-Laval agreement, Italy received the Aouzou strip, which was added to Libya.
August 1960: Independence of Chad.
Selected Sources
https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/chadian-forces-storm-central-darfur-market
