achea
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The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Principality of Achaea (Latin Empire)
Principality of Achaea
Principality of Achaea (Sicily)
Principality of Achaea (Naples)
Establishment
September 1205: The battle of the Olive Grove of Kountouras took place in the summer of 1205, in Messenia in the Morea peninsula, between the Frankish Crusaders and the local Byzantine Greeks, resulting in a victory of the Franks and the collapse of the local resistance.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Expansion during the rule of Henry in the Latin Empire.
January 1213: Following their conquest in 1211-1212, the cities of Thebes and Athens were granted as a fief to Otto de la Roche, Duke of Athens, by Geoffrey I of Villehardouin, Prince of Achaea. The territory became part of the Duchy of Athens under Latin Empire control.
The recapture of the city of Constantinople by the forces of the Empire of Nicaea, led to the re-establishment of the Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty, after an interval of 57 years where the city had been the capital of the Latin Empire installed by the Fourth Crusade in 1204.
July 1261: The Nicaean Empire recovered Constantinople and rended the Latin Empire in 1261. All the vassals of the Latin Empire therefore became independente realms.
Expansion during the rule of Michael VIII in the Byzantine Empire.
January 1263: After Michael recaptured Constantinople in 1261, William was released in 1262 in return for Mistra and much of Laconia, which became a Byzantine province.
Expansion during the rule of Charles I Tocco in the County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos.
January 1401: Territorial evolution of the County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos.
January 1408: In 1407-1408, Leonardo III Tocco, the ruler of the County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos, seized and plundered the fortress of Glarentza in the northwestern Morea.
Byzantine reconquest of the Egean Islands.
January 1404: The Achean Duchy of the Archipelago is acquired by Venice.
January 1404: Byzantine reconquest of the Egean Islands.
January 1208: Modon (Methoni) and Coron (Koroni) were occupied by the Republic of Venice in 1207.
January 1209: Emperor Henry of Flanders' expedition against the rebellious Lombard barons of Thessalonica in 1208-09, ended the feudal dependency of the southern principalities (the Duchy of Athens, the Marquisate of Bodonitsa, the Lordship of Salona, and the Triarchy of Negroponte) on Thessalonica, replacing it with direct imperial suzerainty.
January 1212: The Venetians acquire Euboea Island (Negroponte) in 1211.
January 1239: Kythira Island (Cerigo) and Antikythera Island (Cerigotto) fell under Venetian domination.
May 1267: Manfred fell under Papal sanction and was killed in 1266, when Charles of Anjou conquered his kingdom. Charles was now ascendant in Italy, and William and Baldwin came to terms with him in the Treaty of Viterbo (1267).
January 1290: Because the king of Sicily was a prisoner in Aragonese hands, the rule of Achaea devolved upon a series of baillis chosen from the Morean nobility.
January 1297: In 1296, the island of Negroponte was completely reconquered by Venice.
January 1311: The Byzantine control of the Cyclades was short-lived though, as they relinquished control of all the islands except Naxos and Paros in 1310.
January 1366: In 1317 the third of Caristo was occupied by the Catalan Company of Alfonso Fadrique, vicar general of the Duke of Athens, and then purchased by Venice in 1365.
July 1383: In 1383, the Principality of Achaea was annexed by Charles III of Naples, who was the grandson of John of Durazzo and the successor and murderer of Queen Joan of Naples. James of Baux, the ruler of Achaea, was driven away during this time.
July 1383: In 1383, Achaea was annexed by Charles III of Naples, grandson of John of Durazzo and successor of Queen Joan of Naples. James of Baux, the ruler of Achaea, was driven away as a result of this annexation.
July 1383: In 1383, the Principality of Achaea was annexed by Charles III of Naples, who was the successor and murderer of Queen Joan of Naples. Charles III was the grandson of John of Durazzo, and James of Baux was driven away from power in Achaea.
January 1384: The Terziere di Clissura (one third of the Island of Negroponte - today Eubea) was acquired by Venice.
January 1389: Argos, Kiveri and Thermisi were seized by the Despot Theodore I Palaiologos.
January 1391: In 1390 upon the death of its lords the Republic of Venice took direct control of the entire island of Negroponte (Eubea) through a podestà settled in Clissura.
January 1409: In 1408-13 and 1417-19 Patras was held in lease by the Republic of Venice.
January 1414: Patras is acquired by the Principality of Achaea.
January 1418: In 1408-13 and 1417-19 Patras was held in lease by the Republic of Venice.
January 1418: In 1417, the imperial army of Constantinople, led by the despot Theodore II Palaeologus and Emperor John VIII, invaded Achaea. They took Messenia and Elis.
Disestablishment
January 1433: In 1429, Thomas Palaeologus of Morea besieged Centurione in Chalandritsa and extracted a treaty from him whereby his daughter, Catherine, would marry the despot and thus make him Centurione's heir in Achaea. He died there two years later. His domains passed to the despotate of Morea and into Byzantine hands.
Selected Sources
Osswald, B. (2011): L'Epire du treizième au quinzième siècle: autonomie et hétérogénéité d'une région balkanique, Toulouse (France), p. 263
Zachariadou, E. (1988): Marginalia on the History of Epirus and Albania (1380-1418), Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, Vol. 78, pp. 195-210
