mali
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this nation you can find it here: All Statistics
The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Empire of Mali
French Sudan
Mali Federation (France)
Mali Federation
Republic of Mali
Establishment
January 1201: Towards the end of the 12th century, Gao lost its independence and became part of the expansionist Mali Empire.
January 1201: In 1200, the kingdoms of Diarra, Sosso, and Mali gained independence from the Ghana Empire. Sundiata Keita, a legendary warrior and founder of the Mali Empire, played a crucial role in this period of political upheaval.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Is an ongoing conflict in Mali mainly between government forces, the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad, and Islamist forces. The conflict started in 2012.
September 2022: Talataye is conquered by the Islamic State.
August 2023: Malian soldiers and Russian mercenaries take over the military camp of Ber.
November 2023: GSIM (Group for the Support of Islam and Muslims) seizes the camp in Niafunké and kills about 50 Malian soldiers.
December 2023: The Islamic State in the Greater Sahara captures the camp of Labbezanga.
July 2024: Russo-Malian forces reach the small town of Tinzawatène.
July 2024: Russo-Malian forces are pushed back from the small town of Tinzawatène.
1.1.Offensive in Kidal
The Offensive in Kidal refers to Military operations in Mali's Kidal region, involving government forces and Tuareg rebel groups.
November 2023: The town of Kidal is taken by Russo-Malian forces.
1.2.Tuareg rebellion
Was the first phase of the Northern Mali conflict that saw an insurgency by Tuareg forces of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad.
January 2012: The first attacks of the Tuareg rebellion took place in Ménaka, a small town in far eastern Mali, on 16 and 17 January 2012. On 17 January, attacks in Aguelhok and Tessalit were reported.
January 2012: The Mali government claimed to have regained control of the three towns of Ménaka, Aguelhok and Tessalit.
January 2012: On 24 January, the rebels retook Aguelhok.
January 2012: The Mali government recaptured the city of Aguelhok.
January 2012: Rebels attacked and took control over the northern Mali towns of Andéramboukane and Léré.
February 2012: The MNLA took control of the city of Menaka.
February 2012: The MNLA seized the Mali-Algeria border town of Tinzaouaten.
March 2012: On 11 March, the MNLA re-took Tessalit.
March 2012: The rebels advanced to about 125 kilometers away from Timbuktu and their advance was unchecked when they entered without fighting in the towns of Diré and Goundam.
March 2012: The rebels seized control of Kidal.
March 2012: Ansongo and Bourem conquered by MNLA.
March 2012: On 31 March, Gao fell to the rebels.
April 2012: Rebels attacked Timbuktu, the last major government-controlled city in the north, and captured it with little fighting.
April 2012: Stating that it had secured all of its desired territory, the MNLA declared independence from Mali.
1.3.Islamist-nationalist conflict in Azawad
Was a phase of Islamist insurgency in the Azawad region during the Northern Mali Conflict.
January 2013: Islamist forces captured the strategic town of Konna, located 600 km from the capital.
January 2013: Islamists attacked the city of Diabaly.
1.4.Malian Counterattack with foreign support
Was a counterattack by the Mali government, mainly with French support, against the insurgent National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad and Islamist forces that controlled large territories in the countries.
January 2013: Malian army reclaimed control of Konna without resistance.
January 2013: Battle of Diabaly: Malian military and French forces retook the city without resistance.
January 2013: Government gains after the Battle of Kondaoui.
January 2013: Malian soldiers took control of Hombori.
January 2013: The Second Battle of Gao was the recapture of the city of Gao from Islamist Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MOJWA) fighters by Malian/French forces.
January 2013: The first non-Malian African troops entered North Mali. Nigerien soldiers occupied Ansongo and Chadian troops, Ménaka.
February 2013: French and Chadian troops announced that they had occupied Tessalit.
February 2013: Battle of Timetrine won by government forces of Mali.
March 2013: The Valley of Ametettaï was conquered by government forces of Mali after three weeks of fighting.
March 2013: Battle of Djebok won by government forces of Mali.
March 2013: Battle of Timbuktu won by government forces of Mali.
March 2013: Mali government gains after the Battle of Ifoghas.
June 2013: Mali government gains after Battle of Anefis (June 2013).
December 2013: Mali government forces advances with the Battle of Araouane.
1.5.Low intensity phase (Northern Mali conflict)
Is the ongoing phase of the Northern Mali Conflict with government forces slowly reconquering territories from the insurgent National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad and Islamist forces.
July 2014: Battle of Anefis (2014).
October 2014: Fight of N'Tillit.
December 2014: Tabankort fight (2014).
August 2015: Battle of Anefis (2015).
April 2018: Battle of Akabar. Government victory.
October 2018: Battle of Ndaki won by the Malian government forces.
November 2018: Battle of Farimaké won by the Malian government forces.
June 2019: Operation Aconit by the Malian army.
January 1236: The Battle of Kirina (c. 1235), was a confrontation between the Sosso king Sumanguru Kanté and the Mandinka prince Sundiata Keita. Sundiata Keita's forces roundly defeated those of Sumanguru Kanté, guaranteeing the pre-eminence of Keita's new Mali Empire over Africa.
January 1236: Sundjata Keïta then conquers all the kingdoms of the region which he unifies to form the Empire of Mali.
January 1236: After the Battle of Kirina in 1235, the kingdom of Sosso is then integrated into the empire of Mali.
January 1241: Koumbi Saleh conquered by the Mali Empire.
January 1286: Takrur Kingdom conquered by Mali Empire.
January 1301: Wuli (spelling variants: Wulli or Woolli and also Ouli, Uli) was a small West African empire. Wuli emerged as a small state during the expansion of the Mali Empire in the 13th century.
January 1361: The new state of Djolof, named for the central province where the king resided, was a vassal of the Mali Empire for much of its early history. Djolof remained within that empire's sphere of influence until the latter half of the 14th century. During a succession dispute in 1360 between two rival lineages within the Mali Empire's royal bloodline, the Jolof became permanently independent.
January 1401: Masina state founded.
January 1431: In 1430, the Songhai Empire gained independence from the Mali Empire.
January 1434: Tuareg rule in Timbuktu.
January 1474: After a persistent seven-year siege, Songhai forces were able to forcefully incorporate Djenné into the empire in 1473, but only after having starved its citizens into surrender.
January 1487: In 1487 the Portuguese built an entrepôt in Ouadane in an attempt to gain access to the trans-Saharan gold, salt and slave trade.
January 1488: The entrepôt in Ouadane in 1487 was likely a trading post established by the Empire of Mali. Fernandes, a Portuguese explorer, did not mention it in his detailed descriptions, indicating its short-lived nature.
January 1491: The Empire of Great Fulo began as a violent migration of Fula nomads from Futa Djallon into the Gambia led by Tenguella, their first king or mansa, in 1490. His attack was directed against the remaining Atlantic provinces of the Mali Empire.
January 1530: Losses of the Mali Empire by 1530 (based on Maps).
January 1530: Expansion of the Songhai Empire by 1530 (based on Maps).
January 1531: Territorial extension of Mali shifted southward, with Mali pushing the Ashanti coast and in the mid-sixteenth century annexing Begho, the main city south of the savannah in what is now the Brong Ahafo region.
January 1538: Kaabu, a powerful West African empire, became independent in 1537 under the leadership of King Kikikor.
January 1601: In 1600, the Dwaben state (also known as Juaben) was founded in present-day Ghana. This state was established by the Ashanti people, who were led by their ruler, Osei Tutu. The Dwaben state played a significant role in the Ashanti Empire's expansion and dominance in the region.
January 1651: Kénédougou was first established in the 1650s by the Senoufo people.
January 1651: Kaarta was a historical kingdom in western Mali, founded in the 17th century by the Bambaras.
January 1651: Establishment of Sefwi in Ghana.
January 1671: In 1670 Bamana sacked and burned Niani, and the Mali Empire rapidly disintegrated and ceased to exist, being replaced by independent chiefdoms.
August 1890: The western part of actual Mali was renamed French Sudan on August 18, 1890.
January 1891: Ka`arta state extinguished by French colonial government.
January 1891: The central part of actual niger was conquered by the French in 1890.
January 1891: In 1890, the French, allied with the Bambara, occupied the city of Ségou.
January 1894: In 1893 the French took control of the Toucouleur Empire and sent its ruler, Ahmadu Tall, into exile.
January 1894: Segu state extinguished by French colonial government.
January 1895: In 1895, the Goma States became part of French Sudan. The are would later became part of the French protectorate of Upper Volta.
February 1895: Local Gurma ruler accept French protection.
May 1895: In 1895, Yatenga became part of French Sudan. The are would later became part of the French protectorate of Upper Volta.
January 1897: German Togo expanded north to the region around Sansane-Mangu, where a station was built in 1896.
January 1897: In 1896, French forces occupied Tenkodogo in present-day Burkina Faso.
January 1897: The part of the Mossi Kingdom in actual Burkina Faso is administered by the French Ivory Coast.
January 1897: In 1896, the French took over the Mossi Kingdom and created the French Upper Volta which largely used the Mossi administrative structure for many decades in governing the colony.
January 1898: French occupation of Gwirko.
May 1898: The French launched an artillery assault against Sikasso's tata in April 1898, and the city fell on May 1 of the same year. Rather than see the French take control of his city, Fama Babemba ordered his guards to kill him. The territory of the Kénédougou Kingdom was soon assimilated into the colony of French Sudan.
January 1899: French military expedition to Sikasso.
June 1899: Northern Nigeria was partitioned between Great Britain and France by the Anglo-French Convention of 1898.
July 1899: Meeting on 30 July at the Battle of Tirmini, 10 km from Zinder, the well-armed Senegalese-French troops defeated the Sultan and took Damagaram's capital.
January 1900: The Sultanate of Maradi was occupied by France during the Voulet-Chanoine military mission.
January 1901: The Sultanate of Agadez was conquered by the French in 1900.
December 1902: Masina state extinguished by French colonial government.
May 1903: French Mauritania was officially established on 21 May 1903.
January 1914: At some point before WWI the borders of the Protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria with the French colonies in Africa were adjusted in accordance with the agreements made at the Berlin Conference.
January 1914: Part of French Sudan administered by the French Ivory Coast.
October 1922: Niger was established as a colony on October 13, 1922, inside French West Africa.
September 1932: The Upper Volta Colony was dissolved and divided between the colonies of Ivory Coast, French Sudan and Niger.
September 1947: The Mossi renewed their pressure for separate territorial status and on 4 September 1947. Upper Volta became a French West African territory again in its own right.
October 1958: French Guinea became independent from France in 1958 after its voters rejected Charles de Gaulle's Constitution of 1958. This led to the territory joining the Republic of Guinea.
April 1959: In April 1959, Senegal became a member of the Federation of Mali.
April 1959: The Mali Federation (French: Fédération du Mali) was a federation in West Africa linking the French colonies of Senegal and the Sudanese Republic (or French Sudan) for two months in 1960. It was founded on 4 April 1959 as a territory with self-rule within the French Community.
June 1960: Independence of Mali.
August 1960: Disestablishment of the Mali Confederation.
August 1960: Senegal seceded from the Mali Federation in August 1960, following a referendum in which the majority of the population voted for independence. This led to the establishment of the Republic of Senegal.
