First Turkic Khaganate

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Was a Turkic khaganate established by the Ashina clan of the Göktürks in medieval Inner Asia. It was the first Central Asian transcontinental empire from Manchuria to the Black Sea.

Establishment

January 552: In 551, Bumin of the Ashina Göktürks quelled a Tiele revolt for the Rouran. Bumin declared himself Illig Khagan of the Turkic Khaganate after conquering Otuken.

Chronology

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1. Battle of Bukhara

The Battle of Gol-Zarriun or Battle of Bukhara, took place in c. 560 when the Sasanian Empire allied with the First Turkic Khaganate against the Hephthalite Empire.

January 561: The Sasanians annexed the Hephthalite lands south of the river Oxus.

2. Göktürk civil war

In 581, the fourth Göktürk khagan, Taspar Qaghan, died. A civil war erupted between the four claimants to the throne.

January 582: Tardush held the far west in what was becoming the Western Turkic Khaganate.

January 582: Apa Qaghan obtained control of the northern territories where he established the Northern Turkic Khaganate.

January 582: In 581, the fourth Eastern Turkic khagan, Taspar Qaghan, died. There were four claimants to throne.

January 600: After Ishbara and Apa died the east was held by Ishbara's brother Bagha Qaghan (587-89) and Ishbara's son Tulan Qaghan (589-99), while the west remained under Tardush (587-603). After Tulan's death Tardush briefly reunified east and west.

January 604: Division of the First Turkic Khaganate into Western and Eastern Khaganates.

3. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

January 553: Bumin Qaghan revolts against Rouran Khaganate and establishes the First Turkic Khaganate.

January 556: In 555, Turks invaded and occupied the Rouran. Muqan, Qaghan of the First Turkic Khaganate, annihilated ended the Rouran Khaganate.

January 561: The Principality of Chaghaniyan was a part of the Hephthalite Confederation from the 5th to the 7th century AD. After this, it was ruled by a local, presumably Iranian dynasty, which governed the Chaghaniyan region from the late 7th-century.

January 566: The Tokhara Yabghus occupied the area north of the Oxus (Transoxonia, Sogdiana) following the destruction of the Hephthalites in 557-565 CE by the Sasanian Empire.

January 573: In 572, Muqan Qaghan, ruler of the First Turkic Khaganate, achieved a significant victory by defeating the Hephthalite Empire, Khitan, and Kyrgyz. This military success solidified his power and expanded the territory under his control.

January 577: In 576 the Göktürks crossed the Kerch Strait into the Crimea.

January 601: The Kingdom of Kapisa was a state located in what is now Afghanistan during the late 1st millennium CE. In around 600 CE, the Chinese Buddhist monk Xuanzang made a pilgrimage to Kapisa, and described there the cultivation of rice and wheat, and a king of the Suli tribe.