Italian Republic

This article is about the specific polity Italian Republic and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.

If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics

Is a country in Europe that occupies most of the Italian Peninisula. Italy formed during the XIX century when the Kingdom of Sardinia was able to merge the small polities of the Peninsula into a unified Kingdom, during the Italian Wars of Independence. Italy remained a Kingdom until after World War II, when a popular referundum turned Italy into a Republic.

Summary

The Italian Republic, established in the aftermath of World War II, was the result of a transition from monarchy to a republic. Despite ending the war as a cobelligerent with the Allies, Italy was treated as a defeated power in the peace settlements. As a consequence, Italy lost its colonial possessions and ceded territories such as Istria, Zara, and several Adriatic islands to Yugoslavia. Additionally, Trieste was designated as a free territory under Allied supervision.

In June 1946, a plebiscite was held, resulting in the abolition of the monarchy. King Umberto II, who had reigned for only one month in 1946, was the last monarch of Italy. This plebiscite led to the formation of the Italian Republic, marking the beginning of a new era in Italian history characterized by democratic governance and a shift away from royal rule.

Italy's transition to a republic was influenced by the country's complex wartime experiences and the desire for a fresh start in the post-war period.

Establishment

June 1946: Following the liberation of Italy and the rise of the Italian Resistance, the country abolished their monarchy and established a democratic Republic.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. World War II

Was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945 (it started sooner in certain regions) between the Axis Powers (mainly Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (mainly the Soviet Union, the U.S.A., the U.K., China and France). It was the war with more fatalities in history. The war in Asia began when Japan invaded China on July 7, 1937. The war in Europe began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. The war ended with the complete defeat of the Axis powers, which were occupied by the Allies.

1.1.End of World War II in Europe

Refers to the surrender of Axis forces and the end of World War II and to the territorial changes that were a direct consequence of World War II but happened after the traditional end of the War.

1.1.1.Border changes of Italy after World War II

Border changes of Italy in the aftermath of World War II.

October 1947: Transfer to France of Briga and Tenda, and minor revisions of the Franco-Italian border.

October 1954: On 5 October 1954, the London Memorandum was signed in the British capital by ministers of the United States, United Kingdom, Italy, and Yugoslavia. It gave the former Zone A with Trieste to Italy for ordinary civil administration, and Zone B, which had already had a communist government since 1947, to Yugoslavia. In addition, Yugoslavia was given several villages in the municipality of Muggia that had been part of Zone A: Plavje, Spodnje Škofije, Elerji, Hrvatini, Kolomban, Cerej, Premančan, and Barizoni.

Selected Sources

Delta del Po - Storia, retrieved November, 11th, 2020 on https://web.archive.org/web/20140505001813/http://www.atuttascuola.it/contributi/scienze/delta_del_po6.htm

Preti, V. (1997) Martin Mistère e i segreti del Po (CD-ROM), Leonardo Studio, Italy, animation of the evolution of Po delta