Circassian Confederation
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Was a Circassian country and a historical region in the North Caucasus along the northeast shore of the Black Sea established c. 1427-1453. It was conquered and occupied by Russia during the Russian-Circassian War (1763-1864).
Establishment
January 1454: The Circassian Confederation was established between 1427 and 1453 in the region of Circassia, located in the North Caucasus. It was a union of various Circassian tribes led by local princes and nobles.
January 1454: In 1453, the territory of Kabardia, located in the North Caucasus region, gained better political organization under the leadership of the Kabardian princes. The society had a feudal social structure and had been a political entity since at least the 15th century.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of wars between Persia and Russia in the period 1651-1828.
1.1.Russo-Persian War (1722-23)
Was a war between the Russian Empire and Safavid Iran, triggered by the Tsar's attempt to expand Russian influence in the Caspian and Caucasus regions.
June 1724: The Treaty of Constantinople (1724) concluded between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, dividing large portions of the Safavid Iran between them. Iranian lands located on the east of the conjunction of the rivers Kurosh (Kur) and Aras were given to the Russians. These comprised the provinces in northern mainland Iran (Gilan, Mazandaran and Astrabad), the territories in Dagestan (amongst which Derbent), as well as Baku and the territory surrounding it in the Shirvan province.
Was a war between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire.
2.1.Treaty of Bucharest
The Treaty of Bucharest between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, was signed on 28 May 1812 at the end of the Russo-Turkish War of 1806-12. The eastern half of the Principality of Moldavia was ceded by the Ottoman Empire to Russia.
July 1812: The Ottoman Empire regained Poti, Anapa and Akhalkalali. Russia retained Sukhum-Kale on the Abkhazian coast.
Was a series of Russian military expeditions into northern Caucasus that resulted in the inglobation of this region in the Russian Empire.
January 1860: Russian forces conquered the Circassian territories from the Taman Peninsula to the hills and mountains south of the Kuban.
January 1865: Russian occupation of Circassia.
January 1501: Zichia was disestablished c. 1500.
January 1811: In 1810, Russian General Aleksey Yermolov led the campaign to impose Russian authority on the Ingush people in Ingushia.
January 1828: Russia expands into the current regions of Kabardino-Balkaria and North Ossetia through treaties with locals and voluntary entries of local tribes.
November 1828: The territories corresponding to modern-day Krasnodar Territory and Karachay-Cherkess Republic become part of the Russian Empire.
January 1829: The Caucasian Imamate was founded in 1828 by Ghazi Mohammed by merging several areas that where still ummune of Russian control in the region.
Disestablishment
January 1865: Russian occupation of Circassia.
