Saba (Antiquity)

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Was civilization or federation of the Sabaeans, a population of southern Arabia.

Establishment

January 799 BC: The origin of the Sabaean Kingdom is uncertain. Kenneth Kitchen dates the kingdom to around 1200 BC, while Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman write that "the Sabaean kingdom began to flourish only from the eighth century BC onward.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Events

January 699 BC: By the early 7th century BC Haram was a vassal of the Kingdom of Saba'.

January 699 BC: The city of Awsan seems to have been destroyed in the 7th century BC by the king and Mukarrib of Saba' Karab El Watar, according to a Sabaean text that reports the victory in terms that attest to its significance for the Sabaeans.

January 699 BC: Towards the end of the 8th century, Qataban was conquered by Yitha'amar Watar I of Sheba.

January 649 BC: Saba (Antiquity) came under the rule of Awsan wich was an ancient kingdom located in Yemen.

January 399 BC: The Ma'in Empire arose in the 6th century BC, but was initially under the rule of Sheba. Only around 400 BC the Minaeans were able to break away from Saba in an alliance with Hadramaut.

January 299 BC: In the 4th or 3rd century BC Qataban, presumably in an alliance with Ma'in and Hadramaut, was able to free itself from Sabaean supremacy under King Yada'ib Yigal I.

January 299 BC: The kingdom of Ma'in experienced its heyday in the 3rd century BC. when it was able to expand its influence along the Incense Route by conquering Najran, Asirs and the Hijaz.

January 99 BC: Saba' was conquered by the Himyarite Kingdom in the first century BC.

January 101: In the early 2nd century AD, the territories of Saba and Qataban split from the Kingdom of Ḥimyar. This division marked a significant shift in power dynamics within the region, as Saba and Qataban emerged as independent entities with their own distinct cultures and political structures.