Conquest of Southern Anatolia
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Conquest of southern Anatolia from the Byzantines by the Rashidun Caliphate.
Chronology
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September 638: In the summer of 638, the Rashidun Caliphate, led by the military commander Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, made significant conquests in Anatolia, capturing territories including Tarsus, Marash, and Malatya. These conquests expanded the caliphate's influence in the region.
November 638: The action unleashed fierce reactions from the Caliphate, and the Jazīra, the last base of the Eastern Roman Empire in the Near East, was conquered that same year.
November 638: By 638, much of Anatolia was under the control of the Caliphate.
January 639: In order to buy time in the preparation of his defenses it was essential to keep the Muslim troops busy in Syria, for this purpose he pushed the Christian Arabs of the Jazira to take up arms against the Muslims. Spurred on by the same religious faith, these Arabs set about crossing the Euphrates and invading northern Syria from the east.
January 639: Soon the Christian Arabs realized that they were trapped because their territory was about to be invaded and at the same time reinforcements were arriving for the Muslims besieged in Emesa. Therefore they decided to return to the Jazīra.
