First invasion of Mesopotamia
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Was the first military campaign in Mesopotamia by the Rashidun Caliphate.
Chronology
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January 635: After commander Khalid ibn al-Walid left Mesopotamia, the Persians pursued the Muslim army and recaptured most of their previously lost territory. Consequently, the Muslim forces were compelled to withdraw from the conquered areas and consolidate their position along the border, where they still held control over Namaraq, Kaskar, and Baqusiathain in southern Iraq.
June 633: In the last week of May 633, the important city of Hira fell to the Muslims led by the Rashidun Caliphate, specifically under the command of Khalid ibn al-Walid. Hira was a strategic city in present-day Iraq, marking a significant victory for the expanding Muslim empire.
December 633: Battle of Saniyy.
May 633: Battle of Ullais.
May 633: Battle of Walaja.
April 633: The Battle of Al Madhar, took place in Mesopotamia (Iraq) between the forces of the Rashidun Caliphate and the Sasanian Empire. Muslims, under Khalid ibn al-Walid's command, defeated the numerically superior Persian army.
July 633: In 633, the military leader Khalid, a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, conquered the city of Ayn al-Tamr in the last week of July. This victory was part of the expansion of the Rashidun Caliphate, led by Caliph Abu Bakr, in the Arabian Peninsula.
December 633: He received news of the assembling of a large Persian army and then decided to defeat them all separately to avoid the risk of being defeated by a large unified Persian army. Four divisions of Persian and Christian Arab auxiliaries were present at Hanafiz, Zumiel, Sanni and Muzieh. Khalid divided his army into three units, and employed them in well-coordinated attacks against the Persians from three different sides at night, in the Battle of Muzayyah.
November 634: The Battle of the Bridge took place in 634 between the Rashidun Caliphate, led by Abu Ubaid, and the Persians. The Persians emerged victorious in this battle, which occurred near Kufa, Iraq, marking a significant event in the ongoing conflict between the two powers.
November 634: The Battle of the Bridge in 634 saw the Sasanian Empire defeating Abu Ubaid, a prominent military leader of the Rashidun Caliphate. This victory marked a significant turning point in the Arab-Persian conflict during the early Islamic conquests.
