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Was the invasion of the italian Peninsula, recently reconquered by the Eastern Romans from the Ostrogoths, by the Germanic people of the Lombards.
Chronology
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January 591: In 590 a Byzantine incursion, strengthened by new armies sent by the Empire and led by the patrician Gallicino, brought the cities of Modena and Mantua under the control of the Exarchate of Italy while simultaneously obtaining the submission of the dukes of Parma, Reggio and Piacenza.
January 594: The Lombards conquer Modena.
January 594: The Lombards conquer Mantova.
January 604: In 603 Agilulf managed to go over to the counterattack and definitively reconquer Parma.
Lombard conquests under king Alboin.
June 572: The Lombard conquests at the death of Alboin.
1.1.Lombards enter Italy
In 568 AD the Lombards entered Italy from the Isonzo area.
May 568: Having the dangerous Avars as neighbours, Lombard king Alboin decided to launch himself towards the plains of Italy, just devastated by the bloody Gothic war. In 568 the Lombards invaded Italy by crossing the Isonzo.
1.2.Lombard conquest of Aquileia, Vicenza and Verona
Lombard conquest of Aquileia, Vicenza and Verona.
September 569: Aquileia, Vicenza and Verona fell to the Langobards.
1.3.Lombard conquest of Lucca and Milan
Lombard conquest of Lucca and Milan.
October 569: In September 569, Milan and Lucca opened their doors to the invading Lombards, led by King Alboin. The Lombards were a Germanic tribe who established the Kingdom of the Lombards in Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
1.4.Lombard conquest of Pavia
Lombard conquest of Pavia.
June 572: In 572, after three years of siege, Pavia also fell to the Kingdom of the Lombards, led by King Alboin.
Lombard conquest of Tuscany.
February 574: The successor of Alboin Clefi continues the infiltration of Italy up to his death (574) conquering Tuscia.
Was an interregnum in the Lombard Kingdom of Italy during which Italy was ruled by the Lombard dukes of the old Roman provinces and urban centres.
3.1.Conquest of Classis
Lombard conquest of Classis.
January 580: In 579, he sacked Classis, the harbour of Ravenna. Between 584 and 588, Classis was retaken by Droctulf.
January 580: Sack of Classis.
3.2.Siege of Rome (580)
Lombard siege of Rome.
January 580: The Liber Pontificalis narrates that in those years many fortresses were forced to surrender to the Lombards due to hunger and that Rome itself was besieged by them in 579. In 579 Rome was also besieged, but the siege failed.
February 580: The Liber Pontificalis narrates that in those years many fortresses were forced to surrender to the Lombards due to hunger and that Rome itself was besieged by them in 579. In 579 Rome was also besieged, but the siege failed.
3.3.Siege of Naples (582)
Lombard siege of Naples.
February 582: During the siege of Naples in 582, the Lombard king Zotto attempted to conquer the city but was ultimately unsuccessful. As a result, Naples remained under the control of the Eastern Roman Empire.
January 582: Zotto, also known as Zotto I, was the Duke of Benevento who attempted to conquer Naples in 581 but was unsuccessful and had to abandon the siege. This event marked a failed military campaign by the Duchy of Benevento to expand its territory.
3.4.Frankish Invasion of Italy (585)
The Byzantines paid the Franks to invade the Kingdom of the Lombards.
January 585: From 582, Byzantine Emperor Maurice sought Frankish intervention against the Lombards in Northern Italy. In 583, an embassy was sent to King of Metz Childebert II with 50,000 gold solidi. The Frankish king invaded in 584.
February 585: The Frankish king invaded Childebert II withdrew from northern Italy after being paid off by the Lombard dukes.
Lombard king Agilulf conquered Parma and Piacenza from the Byzantines.
The Lombard king Rothari conquers Liguria and Oderzo, completing the Lombard occupation of northern Italy.
January 643: The Lombard king Rothari conquers Liguria and Oderzo, completing the langobardic occupation of northern Italy.
Military Campaign by Gisulf I of Benevento against the Papal States.
January 706: Around 705, Lombard duke Gisulfo took the cities of Sora, Arpino and Arce. He marched as far as Horrea, looting and burning, before being confronted with gifts from ambassadors from Pope John VI, who ransomed many of his captives and persuaded him to return whence he came, to his own domains.
February 706: The Lombards leave the cities of Sora, Arpino ed Arce, and Horrea after a raid.
The Lombards gave back Classis to the Byzantines.
January 714: Classis is reconquered by the Byzantines.
Were a series of military campaigns by Lombard king Liutprand against the Byzantine Empire.
January 718: The Duchy of Spoleto occupied Narni.
February 718: The Duchy of Benevento took possession of Cuma.
January 719: The Byzantine duke of Naples, John I, reconquered Cumae.
January 727: Later Liutprand used the unrest caused by the iconoclastic policy of the Byzantine emperor Leo III to embark on a new campaign. Byzantium also increased the tax burden on the Exarchate of Italy. In response, riots against the Byzantine Empire flared up in several cities. Liutprand, taking advantage of the fiery climate, crossed the Po river and invaded the Exarchate, occupying Bologna and threatening Ravenna.
January 729: Lombard conquest of Bologna, Osimo, Ancona, many cities of the Emilia region and Classis.
Lombard king Liuthprand conquered Corsica.
January 726: The first Moorish raids on Corsica began around 713-719 from the Balearic Islands to the west. Acting as the protector of the Catholic Church and its faithful, Liutprand subjected the island to Lombard government (c. 725), though it was nominally under Byzantine authority. Corsica remained with the Lombard kingdom even after the Frankish conquest, by which time Lombard landholders and churches had established a significant presence on the island.
Lombard king Liuthprand conquers Bologna, Frignano, Monteveglio, Busseto, Persiceto and Osimo).
January 730: Lombard King Liuthprand conquers Bologna, Frignano, Monteveglio, Busseto, Persiceto and Osimo.
Byzantine occupation of Ravenna, at the time controlled by the Lombards.
February 733: While Liutprando was in Benevento to reassert the authority of the central power over the unruly duchy, his nephew Ildebrando and the Duke of Vicenza Peredeo managed to conquer Ravenna itself. The conquest, which seemed to herald the unification of the whole of Italy under the Lombard crown, however proved to be ephemeral for the moment: after a short time, the fleet of Venice, called for help by the new Pope Gregory III, brought the capital of the Exarchate back under the Byzantine authority. Peredeus fell and Hildebrand was taken prisoner, restoring impetus to the Byzantines. The Byzantine duke of Perugia, Agathon, attempted to reconquer Bologna, but was severely defeated by the Lombard army (although Liutprando was still in Benevento).
January 733: While Liutprando was in Benevento to reassert the authority of the central power over the unruly duchy, his nephew Ildebrando and the Duke of Vicenza Peredeo managed to conquer Ravenna itself. The conquest, which seemed to herald the unification of the whole of Italy under the Lombard crown, however proved to be ephemeral for the moment: after a short time, the fleet of Venice, called for help by the new Pope Gregory III, brought the capital of the Exarchate back under the Byzantine authority. Peredeus fell and Hildebrand was taken prisoner, restoring impetus to the Byzantines. The Byzantine duke of Perugia, Agathon, attempted to reconquer Bologna, but was severely defeated by the Lombard army (although Liutprando was still in Benevento).
Military campaign of Lombard king Liutprand against the Ducatus Romanus, the province around Rome.
January 739: Liutprand immediately began the conquest of the Ducatus Romanus, the province around Rome. After capturing Orte and Bomarzo, he arrived at Rome and besieged it. The Pope sent an embassy to Charles Martel to beg for aid, promising favour then and in the future world: the cover letter survives.
February 739: Liutprand immediately began the conquest of the Ducatus Romanus, the province around Rome. After capturing Orte and Bomarzo, he arrived at Rome and besieged it. The Pope sent an embassy to Charles Martel to beg for aid, promising favour then and in the future world: the cover letter survives.
January 743: With the appointment of Zacharias as pope, Liutprand returned to seek papal consent: the two met in Terni in 743 where the Lombard king made an act of renunciation of possession of some Umbrian cities occupied in 742, when he had annexed the duchies of Spoleto and of Benevento, donating Narni, Blera, Orte, Bomarzo and Terni to the Roman duchy.
January 744: With the appointment of Zacharias as pope, Liutprand returned to seek papal consent: the two met in Terni in 743 where the Lombard king made an act of renunciation of possession of some Umbrian cities occupied in 742, when he had annexed the duchies of Spoleto and of Benevento, donating Narni, Blera, Orte, Bomarzo and Terni to the Roman duchy.
Lombard Invasion of the Exarchate.
January 744: Cesena conquered by Kingdom of the Lombards.
February 744: Cesena conquered by Byzantine Empire.
Lombard conquest of Ferrara and Comacchio.
January 751: Lombard conquest of Ferrara and Comacchio.
Lombard conquest of Histria.
January 752: In 751, the Longobards, led by King Aistulf, conquered the territory of Histria, which included the city of Ravenna. This marked a significant expansion of the Kingdom of the Lombards in Italy.
Lombard conquest of Ravenna.
January 752: The Longobard conquest of Ravenna in 751 was led by King Aistulf of the Lombards. This marked the end of Byzantine rule in the region and solidified Lombard control over much of Italy, including Istria.
Lombard occupation of Ceccano.
January 754: Astolfo was the King of the Lombards from 749 to 756. Ceccano was a strategic stronghold in the Duchy of Rome. Astolfo's raids were part of his efforts to assert control over the region and demonstrate his military power.
Lombard Invasion of Italy
