Ottoman-Mamluk War (1485-1491)
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The Ottoman-Mamluk war took place from 1485 to 1491, when the Ottoman Empire invaded the Mamluk Sultanate territories of Anatolia and Syria.
Chronology
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January 1491: In 1490, the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, led by Sultan Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri, launched an offensive campaign into Karaman and besieged the city of Kayseri, located in modern-day Turkey. The Mamluks were successful in capturing the territory during this military campaign.
June 1491: A treaty was signed by the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid Empire which fixed their mutual border at the Gülek Pass in the Taurus Mountains.
February 1491: In 1491, the Karamanids, led by Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha, were besieging Kayseri. The Ottoman Empire sent a relief army, prompting the Karamanids to retreat back to Cilicia. Ahmed Pasha was a prominent military leader in the Ottoman Empire at the time.
March 1485: In 1485, the Ottoman army, led by Karagöz Mehmed and Hersekzade Ahmed, suffered a defeat before Adana against the Ramadanid Emirate (Mamluk). As a result, Cilicia was once again under Mamluk control.
June 1488: The Ottoman army, led by Sultan Bayezid II, secured control of Cilicia, including Adana, in 1488. This military occupation marked the expansion of the Ottoman Empire into the region, consolidating their power in Anatolia.
August 1488: The Mamluk and Ottoman armies met at Ağaçarıyı near Adana on 26 August 1488. Initially, the Ottomans made good progress on their left, but their own right flank was driven back. When the Karaman soldiers fled the battlefield, the Ottomans were forced to retreat, conceding the field and the victory to the Mamluks.
December 1488: The Mamluks laid siege to Adana, which fell after three months.
February 1485: The Ottoman forces, led by Sultan Bayezid II, subdued the rebellious Turgudlu and Vasak tribes in Adana, Cilicia in 1485. The military occupation of the territory by the Ottomans marked their expansion and consolidation of power in the region.
