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Were two civil wars in Libya that started with an uprising against the regime of Muammar Gaddafi.
Chronology
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Was a civil war in Libya that begun with protests against the government of dictator Muammar Gaddafi during the Arab Spring, a wave of protests through the Middle East and North Africa. The war resulted in the overthrow and death of Gaddafi.
August 2011: Zliten was taken by rebel forces.
June 2011: By mid-June 2011, the Eastern Desert was under the control of forces answering to the National Transitional Council in Benghazi.
July 2011: The Rebels (Libya) captured Ghazaya.
August 2011: Msallata rebels reported to AFP that pro-Gaddafi forces did not control the town.
August 2011: Rebels in western Libya claimed they had taken Nasr and Bir Shuaib.
August 2011: On 14 August, rebels captured the city of Sorman.
August 2011: Opposition forces announced that Tripoli was cut off from supplies and effectively besieged.
August 2011: Rebel forces captured the centre of Brega after much fighting.
August 2011: Rebels took control of Ra's Lanuf.
August 2011: Bab al-Azizia was completely overrun by rebels after defeating loyalists based there.
August 2011: Al Jazeera reported that anti-Gaddafi forces took control of the Ras Ajdir border crossing with Tunisia.
August 2011: Battle of Tripoli (2011).
October 2011: Battle of Sirte (2011).
August 2011: An Al Jazeera correspondent, reporting live from Nofaliya, a town in the Sirte District, said that anti-Gaddafi forces were in full control of the town.
August 2011: Second Battle of Zawiya.
March 2011: Pro-Gaddafi soldiers in the town of Jalu, some 200 km south of Ajdabiya, surrendered to rebel forces.
August 2011: A rebel spokesman in the Nafusa Mountains said loyalist forces had abandoned Tiji and Badr and anti-Gaddafi forces had entered both towns.
October 2011: Anti-Gaddafi forces captured the city of Bani Walid after a six-week siege.
August 2011: Rebels claimed to have gained control of the desert village of Al Wigh.
August 2011: A rebel spokesman announced the capture of Ajaylat.
October 2011: At a ceremony in Benghazi, where the revolution had begun eight months before, NTC Chairman Mustafa Abdul Jalil officially declared Libya to be "liberated" and the Civil War to be over.
August 2011: Battle of Tawergha.
September 2011: Anti-Gaddafi forces claimed to have taken the Red Valley east of Sirte.
September 2011: The Rebels (Libya) Captured three oasis towns: Al-Jufra - Hun, Waddan and Sokna.
March 2011: By evening of 28 March 2011, the rebels had advanced to about 50 km from Sirte.
February 2011: Rebel advancement during the Battle of Misrata.
August 2011: Al Jazeera reported that late in the day, the NLA finally seized control of Bin Jawad.
August 2011: Rebels were forced to retreat from Al Maya.
August 2011: Sabratha had been taken by rebels on 15 August.
1.1.Early Protest Phase of the First Libyan Civil War
Was the initial phase of the First Libyan Civil War which consisted of protests against the dictatorship of Muammar Gaddafi.
March 2011: The opposition forces managed to capture the entire town of Ra's Lanuf, including the airbase.
February 2011: Protesters in Bayda succeeded in capturing its military airbase.
February 2011: Demonstrators in Benghazi had reportedly taken control of Benina International Airport.
February 2011: Misrata was confirmed to be under protester control.
February 2011: Paris-based International Federation for Human Rights said that the anti-Gaddafi protesters also controlled Sirte, Misrata, Khoms, the Tarhunah District, Zintan, Zawiya and Zuwara.
February 2011: Protesters assumed complete control of Tobruk.
February 2011: Pro-Gaddafi forces tried to retake control of the western border crossings with Tunisia that had fallen under opposition control.
March 2011: Rebels in the southwest city of Ghadames managed to take control of the city.
March 2011: Following the Battle of Ra's Lanuf, rebel forces advanced along the Mediterranean coast and captured the town of Bin Jawad.
February 2011: Rebels take over Benghazi.
February 2011: Both coastal Tripolitania and most of northern Cyrenaica were in rebel hands by 23 February 2011.
February 2011: The Libyan army withdrew from the city of Bayda.
February 2011: The dual military and civilian Mitiga International Airport, about 11 kilometres east of Tripoli, seemed to have been taken over by anti-Gaddafi protesters.
February 2011: In the Tuareg towns of Ghat and Ubari the citizens reportedly attacked government buildings and police stations.
March 2011: The eastern towns of Brega, Bishr, El Agheila, Sultan and Zuwetina are under opposition control.
1.2.2011 Nafusa Mountains campaign
Was a series of battles in the Libyan Civil War, fought between loyalist pro-Gaddafi forces and rebel anti-Gaddafi forces in the Nafusa Mountains.
July 2011: Al-Qawalish was finally captured by rebels after six hours of fighting.
March 2011: Gharyan was overrun by government troops.
March 2011: Gharyan had been retaken by the government on the same day as the nearby city of Sabratha.
March 2011: Pro-Gaddafi forces retake Gharyan, Kikla, Yafran and Rayayna from early March to late May.
May 2011: Rebels had apparently retaken the border crossing at Wazzin.
June 2011: Rebels captured the towns of Shakshuk and Gasr Al-Hajj.
June 2011: On 14 June, rebels recaptured the town of Kikla after Gaddafi forces pulled out of the town and retreated.
August 2011: Bir al-Ghanam was under rebel control.
August 2011: Battle of Gharyan.
June 2011: Rebels captured the whole village of Al-Rayayna.
April 2011: Loyalist forces re-captured the Wazzin border crossing.
February 2011: Most of the towns in the Nafusa Mountains were under opposition control.
April 2011: Government troops captured the town of Kikla and started.
August 2011: The rebels lost al-Jawsh again.
April 2011: Yafran had been taken by loyalist forces.
June 2011: Rebels reported that they had recaptured Yafran.
1.3.Government Counterattack - Libyan Civil War (2011)
Was the military counterattack of the government forces against the rebels during the First Libyan Civil War.
March 2011: The Battle of Ra's Lanuf is won by government forces.
March 2011: Before dawn on 13 March, pro-Gaddafi forces, advancing eastward from Ra's Lanuf, had taken the town of Uqayla and the village of Bisher.
March 2011: The Second Battle of Brega is won by government forces.
March 2011: During the first phase of the Battle of Ajdabiya, pro-Gaddafi forces seized the strategic road junction leading to Benghazi and Tobruk, and captured most of the city of Ajdabiya.
March 2011: First Battle of Zawiya is won by government forces.
March 2011: Libyan rebels, backed by extensive allied air raids, seized control of the frontline oil town of Ajdabiya from Colonel Muammar Gaddafi's forces.
March 2011: Government forces won the Battle of Bin Jawad.
1.4.First Gulf of Sidra offensive
Was a rebel military offensive during the First Libyan Civil War.
March 2011: Rebel forces recaptured Ajdabiya after Gaddafi forces retreated and with little threat also captured Brega.
March 2011: Loyalist forces recaptured the oil refinery town of Ra's Lanuf.
March 2011: The rebels had entered Bin Jawad.
March 2011: Rebel forces advanced further west toward Sirte and took the town of Nofaliya.
April 2011: Pro-Gaddafi forces entered Ajdabiya on 9 April.
April 2011: Rebel forces re-took the town of Ajdabiya by 11 April.
March 2011: Opposition forces continued their push capturing Ra's Lanuf.
March 2011: Intense fighting over Bin Jawad was reported, including artillery duels, before the rebels fled in hundreds of vehicles, abandoning the town.
March 2011: Pro-Gaddafi forces intensified attacks on Libyan rebels, forcing them to retreat from Nofaliya to Bin Jawad.
March 2011: In the evening, the BBC News reported that Brega was in control of pro-Gaddafi forces.
1.5.Cyrenaican desert campaign
Was a military campaign conducted by the Libyan military against rebel-held towns and oil facilities in the eastern Libyan Desert.
May 2011: The rebels claimed to have re-taken Kufra.
April 2011: The security chief for the Kufra region, Saleh Muhammad al-Zaruq, declared his, and his troops, support for the rebels.
April 2011: Loyalist forces entered the town of Kufra, also called Al Jawf, which is the capital of the Kufra District and re-took control of the town.
1.6.Fezzan campaign (First Libyan Civil War)
Was a rebel military offensive in Fezzan during the First Libyan Civil War.
September 2011: NTC forces took control over Ghat airport, located north of the city and a day later Ghat itself and the Tinkarine border crossing with Algeria.
July 2011: Loyalist forces attacked Qatrun three times before finally recapturing it.
September 2011: Anti-Gaddafi forces had taken control over the towns of Brak and Gira.
September 2011: On 19 September, NTC forces took over Zella.
September 2011: The NTC announced that they took control over the town of Jufra and surrounding area.
September 2011: Battle of Sabha.
September 2011: An NTC commander in Sabha told CNN that his forces have taken control over the town of Ubari.
July 2011: They secured the Tumu border crossing and took Qatrun, without a shot, also capturing a military airfield and outpost at Al Wigh.
September 2011: The rest of the towns in Wadi al Shatii District were peacefully taken by NTC forces.
August 2011: Toubou tribal fighters reportedly captured Murzuk.
Was a civil war in Libya involving several factions, but later evolving in a conflict mainly between the House of Representatives in Tobruk and the Government of National Accord in Tripoli. Despites the existence of an interim unity government since 2021, territorial factual control remains divided.
August 2012: Handover of power from the National Transitional Council of Libya to the elected General National Congress.
February 2015: On 13 February, gunmen affiliated with the ISIL seized government buildings and radio and television stations in Sirte. These force reportedly issued an ultimatum demanding other military entities evacuate the city by the dawn of Sunday (15 February).
March 2015: On 26 March, the Operation Sunrise forces loyal to the Tripoli-based government and the Petroleum Facilities Guards, led by Ibrahim Jathran and aligned with the Tobruk-based government, reached a deal pertaining to the Sidra Basin area. Both sides agreed to maintain the cease-fire and to intensify focus on fighting ISIL. As a result of the agreement, Sunrise forces withdrew from Bin Jawad and some other former areas.
May 2015: Islamic State fighters captured the Qurdabiya air base south of Sirte after Tripoli aligned troops withdrew from the area.
July 2015: Al-Wushka, a little town 35 kilometers east of Abu Grain, was taken over by the Libyan branch of ISIL, without any resistance from the militant forces that control western Libya.
April 2016: Political and military authorities in al-Hawamid declared support for the Presidential Council and the Government of National Accord on 3 April.
May 2016: ISIL militants staged a preemptive offensive against GNA-allied forces in Abu Grein.
May 2016: GNA military forces recaptured Abu Grein from ISIL.
May 2016: Petroleum Facilities Guard reported the capture of Bin Jawad and Noufiliyah from ISIL.
July 2016: The army recaptured El Magrun on 19 July.
December 2016: Battle of Sirte (2016).
November 2014: A Tuareg militia reportedly seized control of the El Sharara oil field in Fezzan.
January 2016: ISIL takeover of the Libyan city of Bin Jawad.
February 2019: The Tuareg and Toubou tribal militias are loyal to the GNA.
March 2016: At the end of March, the mayors of Sabratha, Zultan, Rigdaleen, Al-Jmail, Zuwarah, Ajilat, Sorman, Zawia, as well as those of West and South Zawia, issued a joint statement endorsing the Government of National Accord.
November 2014: On 1 November, Zintan militia captured the town of Kikla, killing 18 and wounding 84 Islamist fighters.
February 2019: Siege of Derna.
January 2016: ISIL again entered Derna in December 2015.
February 2016: The Libyan Army managed to capture Marisa port which was a key lifeline for terrorists in the city to get supplies from the city of Misrata.
July 2016: The "Defense for Benghazi Brigades", an anti-Haftar militia, sponsored by Sadiq Al-Ghariani, captured the village of El Magrun, south of Benghazi.
July 2015: Clashes erupt between the Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna and ISIL in June 2015, with ISIL being expelled from the city by late July 2015.
December 2018: Battle of Saddada Castle.
April 2016: The municipality of Bani Walid announced support for the Presidential Council and the Government of National Accord.
February 2015: The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant took over the town of Nofaliya.
October 2014: Radical militants in control of the Libyan city of Derna joined ISIL, thus making Derna the first city outside Syrian and Iraq to be occupied by ISIL.
March 2021: On 23 October 2020, the Joint Libyan Military Commission reached a permanent ceasefire agreement in all areas of Libya. On 10 March 2021, an interim unity government was formed, which was slated to remain in place until the next Libyan presidential election scheduled for 24 December that year. However, the election has been delayed several times since, effectively rendering the unity government in power indefinitely.
March 2015: Military forces associated with the Tripoli-based government reportedly recaptured Nofaliya from ISIL.
June 2015: The towns of Rigdaleen, Jumayl, Zaltan and Al-Agrabiya agreed with the Libyan National Army to enter these towns peacefully and without any bloodshed.
May 2016: Operation Al-Bunyan Al-Marsoos forces reported the capture of the Sirte power station and also its advance on the town of Jarif to the south of Sirte.
June 2016: By May 2016, the Libyan National Army controlled at least 90% of the City of Benghazi.
April 2016: The outgoing authorities in Tripoli officially ceded power to Fayez el-Sarraj and the General National Congress was dissolved.
2.1.First Phase (Tobruk/GNA/Islamists/IS)
Was the first phase of the Second Libyan Civil War.
August 2014: After the 2014 Libyan elections, the elected deputies meet in Tobruch (this government, considered legitimate, is called House of Representatives - HRA), on August 25th, however part of the deputies of the previous legislature meet in Tripoli proclaiming themselves a legitimate parliament under the name of New Government of National Accord (GNA).
July 2014: Battle of Benghazi (2014).
August 2014: On August 23, 2014, Dawn announced that after a month of fighting, Tripoli had fallen into their hands. […] The Council of Deputies declared the counter-government “terrorists”. This had now reinstated the old parliament as the "New General National Congress" and in turn declared the parliament in Tobruk to be "illegal".
2.2.Gulf of Sidra Offensive (2017)
Was a military offensive of the Benghazi Defense Brigades (loyal to the Government of National Accord) in the coastal territory between the towns of Nofaliya and Ras Lanuf during the Second Libyan Civil War.
March 2017: LNA have recaptured all positions lost to Benghazi Defence and Misratan Brigades in a counter-offensive.
March 2017: On 3 March, the Islamist-dominated Benghazi Defense Brigades launched an offensive, capturing a strip of territory between the oil ports of Nofaliya and Ras Lanuf from the Libyan National Army, and then handing this territory over to the Government of National Accord.
2.3.Gulf of Sidra Offensive (2018)
Was a military offensive of the Benghazi Defense Brigades (loyal to the Government of National Accord) in the coastal territory between the towns of Nofaliya and Ras Lanuf during the Second Libyan Civil War.
June 2018: While the Battle of Derna was going on, Remnants of the Benghazi Defense Brigades led by Ibrahim Jadhran, former member of the Petroleum Facilities Guard, launched the Gulf of Sidra Offensive (2018), took over the oil terminals at Ras Lanuf and Al-Sidra from the House of Representatives.
June 2018: The Benghazi Defense Brigades are defeated. Ras Lanuf and Al-Sidra occupied by the House of Representatives.
2.4.2019 Southern Libya offensive
Was a military offensive of the Libyan National Army (loyal to the House of Representatives) in southern Libya during the Second Libyan Civil War.
August 2019: The Southern Protection Force of the GNA recaptured Murzuq.
February 2019: On 4 February, the GNA retreated from Sabha.
January 2019: The LNA began taking positions near Sabha.
February 2019: The al-Sharara field was secured by the LNA without any losses.
2.5.2019-20 Western Libya campaign
Was a military offensive of the Libyan National Army (loyal to the House of Representatives) in western Libya during the Second Libyan Civil War.
April 2019: The Libyan National Army stated that they had captured Qasr bin Ghashir, Wadi al-Rabie and Suq al-Khamis.
June 2019: The GNA announced that it had captured the town of Gharyan from the LNA.
January 2020: The LNA captured Sirte.
May 2020: The GNA captured Al-Watiya Air Base.
June 2020: GNA forces continued their advance to Tarhouna, an LNA stronghold south-east of Tripoli, which was retaken. Bani Walid was also captured.
April 2019: The LNA reported capturing the village of Suq al-Khamis.
April 2019: During the late hours of the day a battle broke out over Tripoli International Airport, in which LNA forces were able to successfully capture the airfield.
April 2020: The GNA forces seized control of the LNA-held towns of Sorman, Sabratha, Ajaylat, Aljmail, Regdalin, Zaltan, and Al Assah, recapturing the western Libyan coast.
May 2020: The GNA forces retook two military camps, Hamza and Yarmuk, from the LNA south of the capital Tripoli.
June 2020: GNA forces launched an attack on Tripoli Airport, which they captured.
June 2020: LNA forces withdrew from their remaining positions in the southern outskirts of Tripoli, allowing the GNA to regain control of the whole city. This marked the end of the LNA's 14-month siege of the GNA capital.
April 2019: The LNA reported asserting control over the town of ‘Aziziya.
March 2020: The LNA captured Zelten, al-Assah, Al-Jamil and Riqdalin on the northwestern coast.
June 2020: The LNA recaptured the town of al-Asaba, south of Gharyan.
April 2019: On the first day of the offensive the LNA captured Gharyan.
April 2019: The LNA reported recapturing Gate 27, as well as asserting control over Salah al-Din and Ain Zara neighbourhood in southern Tripoli.
April 2019: By nightfall, the GNA claimed that it negotiated the surrender of soldiers belonging to the LNA 8th brigade in Ayn Zara.
May 2020: GNA forces extend their control over the towns of Badr and Tiji.
2.6.Central Libya offensive (2020)
Was a military offensive by the Government of National Accord in central Libya during the Second Libyan Civil War.
June 2020: GNA forces entered Sirte. However, an LNA counterattack using drones, aircraft and artillery drove the attackers back.
Libyan Civil Wars
