Byzantine-Sasanian War of 572-591
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Was a war fought between the Sasanian Empire of Persia and the Eastern Roman Empire. It was triggered by pro-Byzantine revolts in areas of the Caucasus under Persian hegemony.
Chronology
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January 573: The Persians retook the city of Dvin.
September 591: Persian Armenia was annexed directly to Persia.
February 573: The Sasanian Empire was captured by combined Armenian and Byzantine forces and direct hostilities between Byzantines and Persians began.
January 574: The Romans laid siege to Nisibis.
January 574: In 573, the Sassanid forces led by Khosrow I launched a successful counter-attack against the Byzantine Empire, capturing the city of Dara after a four-month siege. Khosrow I was the ruler of the Sassanid Empire from 531 to 579.
January 578: The Byzantines defeated the Persians at near Melitene and exploited their disarray by raiding deep into Caucasian Albania and Azerbaijan.
February 578: The Byzantines leave Caucasian Albania and Azerbaijan after a raid.
January 579: In 578, the Sasanian Empire, led by Adarmahan, launched a destructive military campaign in Roman Mesopotamia, causing significant damage to the region. This event marked a period of conflict between the Sasanians and the Romans in the area.
January 579: Corduene was a mountainous region located in present-day eastern Turkey and western Iran. Maurice I was the Byzantine Emperor from 582 to 602, known for his military campaigns and administrative reforms. The incorporation of Corduene into the Byzantine Empire was part of Maurice's efforts to expand and strengthen Byzantine territories.
February 579: The Persians, led by Adarmahan, launched a destructive military campaign in Roman Mesopotamia in 579. This led to significant losses for the Eastern Roman Empire in the region.
January 581: The Principality of Iberia was established shortly after the suppression of the Cosroid dynasty of the Kingdom of Iberia by Sasanian Persia, around 580.
January 590: Martyropolis, a city in the Byzantine Empire, fell to the Sasanian Empire in 589 due to the betrayal of the Byzantine officer Sittas. This event was part of the ongoing conflict between the two empires during the reign of Emperor Maurice.
April 591: Byzantine conquest of Dara.
September 591: At the Battle of Blarathon, near Ganzak, they decisively defeated Bahram, restoring Khosrow II to power and bringing the war to an end. Khosrow not only returned Dara and Martyropolis in exchange for Maurice's assistance, but also agreed to a new partition of the Caucasus by which the Sassanids handed over to the Byzantines many cities, including Tigranokert, Manzikert, Baguana, Valarsakert, Bagaran, Vardkesavan, Yerevan, Ani, Kars, and Zarisat. The western part of the Kingdom of Iberia, including the cities of Ardahan, Lori, Dmanisi, Lomsia, Mtskheta, and Tontio became Byzantine dependencies. Also, the city of Cytaea was given to Lazica, also a Byzantine dependency.
September 591: Khosrow II gives the Byzantine Empire most of Persian Armenia.
April 572: Early in 572, the Armenians under Vardan II Mamikonian defeated the Persian governor of Armenia.
February 574: The abrupt dismissal of the byzantine general Marcian led to a disorderly retreat from Nisibis.
