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The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
First Junta of Chile
Republic of Chile
Establishment
September 1810: The Government Junta of the Kingdom of Chile, also known as the First Junta, was organized with the same powers as a Royal Governor.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of independence wars by the Spanish colonies in America that started after the French occupation of mainland Spain during the Napoleonic Wars.
1.1.Bolivian War of Independence
Was the War for indipendence from Spain by Bolivia.
August 1825: Situation of the borders of Republic of Chile at the end of Southamerican indipendency wars.
1.2.Chilean War of Independence
Was the independence war of the Captaincy General of Chile against Spanish rule.
March 1818: The Battle of Cancha Rayada, was fought in Chile between South American patriots and Spanish royalists, during the Osorio's campaign in the South American wars of independence. The result was a defeat for the patriot forces.
April 1818: In 1818, José de San Martín led the independence forces of Spanish America to a decisive victory over the Spanish royalists led by Mariano Osorio at the Battle of Maipú. This victory marked a turning point in the Chilean War of Independence, as the royalists were forced to retreat to Concepcion and never posed a significant threat to Santiago again.
April 1818: In 1818, José de San Martín defeated the Spanish royalists led by Mariano Osorio at the Battle of Maipú in Chile. This victory marked the retreat of the Spanish forces to Concepcion, solidifying Chile's independence from Spain.
February 1820: The Republic of Chile captured Valdivia.
March 1820: In 1820, Georges Beauchef, a French officer in the Chilean Army, led an expedition from Valdivia to secure Osorno from Spanish forces. He successfully defeated the royalists at the Battle of El Toro, ensuring that the territory remained under the control of the Republic of Chile.
1.2.1.Chilean independence declaration (1810)
Was the first independence declaration of Chile from Spain.
1.2.2.Spanish reconquista of Chile
Was a Spanish military campaign against Chilean revolutionaries. Chile was reconquered by Spain.
October 1814: The Battle of Rancagua also known in Chile as the Disaster of Rancagua occurred on October 1, 1814, to October 2, 1814, when the Spanish Army under the command of Mariano Osorio defeated the rebel Chilean forces led by Bernardo O’Higgins. A little while later, Osorio entered Santiago and put the rebellion of the Patria Vieja to an end.
1.2.3.Chilean independence declaration (1818)
Was the second and final independence declaration of Chile from Spain.
February 1818: In 1818, the Captaincy General of Chile declared itself independent from Spanish rule, becoming the Republic of Chile.
Was a military confrontation waged by Chile, along with Peruvian dissidents, and the Argentine Confederation against the Peru-Bolivian Confederation between 1836 and 1839.
2.1.First Phase (War of the Confederation)
Was the first phase of the War of the Confederation between Chile and the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.
September 1837: Chilean admiral Blanco Encalada gave the order to embark and put bow to the port of Islay, where they arrive on September 29.
October 1837: Chilean forces landed in the port of Quilca.
October 1837: The taking of Cobija lasted 11 days.
October 1837: The restorative army occupied Arequipa.
November 1837: Peruvian-Bolivian forces took Juan Fernández Island (modern-day island Más a Tierra).
November 1837: After two negotiations where Chilean admiral Blanco Encalada asked for guarantees for his troops and for Chile, the Treaty of Paucarpata was signed. The Chilean army agreed to leave the territories occupied in Peru and Bolivia.
December 1837: A Chilean squad harassed the defenses of the port of Talcahuano on November 23, those of San Antonio on the 27th of the same month and those of Huasco on December 15, where they managed to capture two Chilean merchants. Upon Moran's knowledge of the events in Arequipa, he began his return to the port of Callao where the remaining inmates were released. The expedition members are honored in Lima by the protector Andrés de Santa Cruz on December 27, 1837.
2.2.Second Phase (War of the Confederation)
Was the second phase of the War of the Confederation between Chile and the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.
October 1838: The Chilean force occupied Lima at the end of October, 1838.
November 1838: The Chileans abandoned Lima on November 3.
May 1839: After the crushing defeat on the Confederate armies at Yungay on January 20, the Chileans commenced a second push southward, occupying Lima for the second time in April.
2.3.Dissolution of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation
Was the dissolution of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation caused by the War of the Confederation.
August 1839: General Agustín Gamarra, after assuming the role of president of Peru, officially declared the dissolution of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.
Was a treaty between Chile and Bolivia that set the border between both countries at the 24° South parallel from the Pacific Ocean to the eastern border of Chile and defined a zone of bipartite tax collection, the "Mutual Benefits zone".
August 1866: The 24° South parallel is set as border between Chile and Bolivia.
Was a war fought between Chile and an alliance of Peru and Bolivia. The war was won by Chile, that gained various territories.
May 1879: Between March and April 1879, the Chilean Army occupied San Pedro de Atacama.
4.1.Chilean Offensive (War of the Pacific)
Was a Chilean military offensive against Bolivia and Peru, started at the beginning of the War of the Pacific.
February 1879: The Chilean government decided on the occupation of the region of Antofagasta south of 23° South. On the day of the planned auction, 200 Chilean soldiers arrived by ship at the port city of Antofagasta and seized it without resistance. The occupying forces received widespread support from the local population, 93-95% of which was Chilean.
March 1879: Cobija and then Calama, Tocopilla, and other hamlets were occupied by Chile.
March 1879: Calama and the entire Bolivian coast occupied by Chile.
April 1879: Between March and April 1879, the Chilean Army occupied San Pedro de Atacama.
4.1.1.Tarapacá Campaign
Was a Chilean military campaign during the War of the Pacific.
November 1879: Chilean soldiers landed at Pisagua.
November 1879: Chilean forces defeated the Peruvian cavalry at Germania, a city in South America.
November 1879: Battle of San Francisco.
4.1.2.Tacna and Arica Campaign
Was a Chilean military campaign during the War of the Pacific.
December 1879: The Chilean troops disembarked and quickly took the port of Ilo.
March 1880: The Chilean army occupied the town of Mollendo.
March 1880: In 1880, during the War of the Pacific, Chilean General Manuel Baquedano led the military occupation of Moquegua, a region in southern Peru. This was part of Chile's campaign to gain control over valuable nitrate deposits in the area.
March 1880: Battle of Los Ángeles.
May 1880: Battle of Tacna.
June 1880: Battle of Arica.
4.1.3.Lima Campaign
Was a Chilean military campaign during the War of the Pacific.
November 1880: On 19 November 1880 the Chilean army landed in Pisco.
January 1881: Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos.
January 1881: Chileans troops entered Lima on 17 January 1881.
4.1.4.Sierra Campaign
Was a Chilean military campaign during the War of the Pacific.
July 1883: Battle of Huamachuco.
4.2.Treaty of Ancón
Was a treaty between Chile and Peru at the end of the War of the Pacific. Peru formally ceded the Tarapacá Province to Chile.
October 1883: Chile was also to occupy the provinces of Tacna and Arica for 10 years, when a plebiscite was to be held to determine nationality. For decades thereafter, the two countries failed to agree on the terms of the plebiscite.
October 1883: Treaty of Ancón, whose terms had Peru formally cede Tarapacá Province to Chile.
October 1883: A treaty ending the War of the Pacific was signed by Chile and Peru in Santiago de Chile on October 20, 1904. The Chilean occupation of Lima ended.
4.3.Treaty of Valparaiso
Was a treaty between Chile and Bolivia at the end of the War of the Pacific. Bolivia ceded its entire coast to Chile.
April 1884: In 1884, Bolivian President Gregorio Pacheco and Chilean President Domingo Santa María signed the Treaty of Valparaiso, resulting in Bolivia losing its entire coastline to Chile. This event marked the end of the War of the Pacific, which had begun in 1879.
April 1884: Due to the War of the Pacific, Bolivia lost its access to the sea.
April 1884: In 1884, Bolivian President Gregorio Pacheco and Chilean President Domingo Santa María signed the Treaty of Valparaiso, resulting in Bolivia losing its entire coastline to Chile.
Was a civil war in Chile fought between forces supporting Congress and forces supporting the President, José Manuel Balmaceda from 16 January 1891 to 18 September 1891.
February 1891: The naval descent upon Pisagua in 1891 was part of the Chilean Civil War between the Congressional and Presidential factions. The Presidentialists, led by President José Manuel Balmaceda, successfully took control of Pisagua from the Congressional forces.
February 1891: Balmaceda's principal forces were stationed in and about Iquique, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Santiago and Concepción.
February 1891: Dolores conquered by Presidentialists (Chile).
September 1891: The conflict in 1891 in Chile was known as the Chilean Civil War, between President Jose Manuel Balmaceda and the Congress. Balmaceda's forces were defeated by the Congressional Army, leading to his suicide. This marked the end of his presidency and the establishment of a new government in Chile.
Part of tacna transferred to Peru in 1925.
January 1926: Some areas of the Tacna region were transferred to Peru in 1925.
June 1929: The mediation under US President Herbert Hoover caused the Treaty of Lima to be signed by which Chile kept Arica, and Peru reacquired Tacna.
November 1860: The Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia was an unrecognized state proclaimed on November 17, 1860 by a decree of Orélie-Antoine de Tounens, a French lawyer and adventurer who claimed that the regions of Araucanía and eastern Patagonia did not need to depend on any other states.
January 1862: On January 5, 1862 the Chilean authorities arrested the self-declared king of Araucanía and Patagonia Antoine de Tounens, who was imprisoned and declared insane on September 2, 1862 by the court of Santiago. He was expelled to France on October 28, 1862. He later tried to return to Araucania to reclaim his "kingdom" without success.
January 1888: Salmon sold the Brander Easter Island holdings to the Chilean government on 2 January 1888. Easter Island was annexed by Chile on 9 September 1888.
January 1900: On November 2, 1898, Argentina and Chile signed two documents where they decided to convene a conference to define the border in Buenos Aires with delegates of both countries. If there was no accord, a Chilean and Argentine delegate and the United States minister to Argentina, William Buchanan, would decide. As foreseen, there was no accord at the conference and Buchanan proceeded with Chilean delegate Enrique Mac Iver and Argentine José Evaristo Uriburu to define the border. Of the 75,000 km2 high plateau of Puna de Atacama in dispute, 64,000 (85%) were awarded to Argentina and 11,000 (15%) to Chile.
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