duchy of athens
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The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Duchy of Athens (Thessalonica)
Duchy of Athens (Latin Empire)
Duchy of Athens
Duchy of Athens (Kingdom of Sicily-Anjou)
Duchy of Athens (Aragon)
Duchy of Athens (Venice)
Duchy of Athens (Despotate of Morea)
Establishment
January 1206: Foundation of the Duchy of Athens.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Expansion during the rule of Henry in the Latin Empire.
January 1210: Emperor Henry of Flanders' expedition against the rebellious Lombard barons of Thessalonica in 1208-09, ended the feudal dependency of the southern principalities (the Duchy of Athens, the Marquisate of Bodonitsa, the Lordship of Salona, and the Triarchy of Negroponte) on Thessalonica, replacing it with direct imperial suzerainty.
January 1213: Following their conquest in 1211-1212, the cities of Thebes and Athens were granted as a fief to Otto de la Roche, Duke of Athens, by Geoffrey I of Villehardouin, Prince of Achaea. The territory became part of the Duchy of Athens under Latin Empire control.
The recapture of the city of Constantinople by the forces of the Empire of Nicaea, led to the re-establishment of the Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty, after an interval of 57 years where the city had been the capital of the Latin Empire installed by the Fourth Crusade in 1204.
July 1261: The Nicaean Empire recovered Constantinople and rended the Latin Empire in 1261. All the vassals of the Latin Empire therefore became independente realms.
Expansion during the rule of Bayezid I in the Ottoman Sultanate.
January 1395: In 1393/4, the Ottoman Turks, led by Sultan Bayezid I, conquered Neopatras, a city in central Greece, and the entire Spercheios River valley. This marked a significant expansion of the Ottoman Sultanate's territory in the region.
Expansion during the rule of Charles I Tocco in the County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos.
January 1396: The duke Carlo Tocco married Francesca, daughter of the Duke of Athens Nerio I Acciaioli, which gave him a claim on Corinth and Megara. After Nerio's death, he seized these territories in 1395.
January 1401: Territorial evolution of the County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos.
Expansion during the rule of Murad II in the Ottoman Sultanate.
January 1422: The Ottomans conquered parts of Albania.
Wars during the rule of Mehmed II in the Ottoman Sultanate.
January 1457: In 1456, after the Fall of Constantinople (1453) to the Ottoman Empire, Turahanoğlu Ömer Bey conquered the remnants of the Duchy of Athens.
January 1221: Spetses (Velvina or Spezia) was a Venetian colony from 1220.
May 1267: After the Treaties of Viterbo in 1267, the Duchy of Athens, along with the rest of Latin Greece, acknowledged the authority of Charles I of Sicily.
August 1302: The island of Sicily revolted and was conquered by the Crown of Aragon, becoming a separate kingdom.
January 1312: The lordship remained in the possession of the de la Roche and the Brienne Dukes of Athens even after the conquest of the Duchy of Athens by the Catalan Company in 1311, and the Brienne line continued to be recognized as Dukes of Athens there.
January 1389: Nerio I Acciaioli was a Florentine nobleman and ruler of the Duchy of Athens. In 1388, he seized Nauplia, a strategic port city in the Peloponnese.
January 1389: The Acciaioli family of Florence captured Athens.
January 1389: The city of Nauplia was captured by Venice in 1388.
January 1389: Argos, Kiveri and Thermisi were seized by the Despot Theodore I Palaiologos.
January 1391: Neopatras was occupied by the Duchy of Athens in 1390.
January 1395: The Republic of Venice acquired Athens in 1394 from the heirs of Nerio I Acciaioli.
January 1397: Territorial evolution of the County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos.
January 1403: From 1395 to 1402 the Venetians briefly controlled the Duchy of Athens.
January 1445: In 1444 Athens became a tributary of Constantine Palaeologus, the despot of Morea and heir to the Byzantine throne.
Disestablishment
January 1457: In 1456, after the Fall of Constantinople (1453) to the Ottoman Empire, Turahanoğlu Ömer Bey conquered the remnants of the Duchy of Athens.
Selected Sources
Osswald, B. (2011): L'Epire du treizième au quinzième siècle: autonomie et hétérogénéité d'une région balkanique, Toulouse (France), p. 263
Osswald, B. (2011): L'Epire du treizième au quinzième siècle: autonomie et hétérogénéité d'une région balkanique, Toulouse (France), pp. 223-234
Zachariadou, E. (1988): Marginalia on the History of Epirus and Albania (1380-1418), Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, Vol. 78, pp. 195-210
