Delphoi
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A Greek polis in the ancient region of Phokis.
Establishment
January 799 BC: Delphoi was refounded in 800 BC.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states.
1.1.Second Persian invasion of Greece
Was an unsuccesful military campaign waged by Achaemenid King Xerxes I that sought to conquer all of Greece.
October 480 BC: The Persian victory at Thermopylae (480 BC) meant that all Boeotia fell to Xerxes.
September 479 BC: The Battle of Plataea was the final land battle between the Achaemenid Empire and the Greek Poleis during the second Persian invasion of Greece. The Persian infantry proved no match for the heavily armoured Greek hoplites, and the Spartans broke through to General Mardonius's bodyguard and killed him. The Persian force thus dissolved and 40,000 troops managed to escape to Thessaly. The Persians also left territories occupied in Delphoi.
Was a war fought between Sparta as leader of the Peloponnesian League and Sparta's other allies, most notably Thebes, against the Delian League led by Athens with support from Argos.
January 456 BC: The Athenians sent an army under Myronides to attack Boeotia. The Boeotian army gave battle to the Athenians at Oenophyta. The Athenians scored a crushing victory which led to the Athenians conquering all of Boeotia except for Thebes, as well as Phocis and Locris.
January 446 BC: In 447 BC a revolt against the Athenians broke out in Boeotia causing the end of the continental part of the Athenian Empire on the Greek mainland. The Athenians were defeated at the Battle of Coronea. Athens abandoned Boeotia, Phocis, and Locris.
Expansion of Macedonia under King Philip II.
3.1.Third Sacred War
Was fought between the forces of the Delphic Amphictyonic League, principally represented by Thebes, and latterly by Philip II of Macedon, and the Phocians.
July 346 BC: Philip II made a truce with Phalaikos (ruler of Phocis) on 19 July. Phalaikos surrendered Phocis to Macedon, in return for being allowed to leave.
January 345 BC: By the end of 346 BC Philip II of Macedon left the territories occupied in Phocis.
3.2.Philip II's campaign in Greece (Fourth Sacred War)
Was the military campaign of Macedonia king Philip II in Greece during the Fourth Sacred War.
April 338 BC: The Macedonians took Amphissa and expelled its citizens, turning it over to Delphi.
August 338 BC: Philip II of Macedon advanced into Boeotia in an attempt to march on Thebes and Athens.
January 337 BC: The battle of Chaeronea (338 BC) was fought in 338 BC, in Boeotia, between Macedonia under Philip II and an alliance of city-states led by Athens and Thebes. The battle ended with a decisive victory of the Macedonians. Philip had no intention of conquering any territory and soon the Macedonian armies left southern Greece. After the battle, Macedon established hegemony over the majority of Southern Greece (except Sparta).
January 328 BC: Amphissa was a greek polis in the ancient region of West Lokris founded in the 4th Century BC.
Disestablishment
January 195 BC: Delphoi was annexed by the Aetolian League in 196 BC.
Selected Sources
Boardman, J. / Griffin, J. / Murray, O. (2001): The Oxford Illustrated History of Greece and the Hellenistic World, Oxford (UK), p. 417
Cawkwell, G. (1978): Philip II of Macedon, London (UK), p. 142
Cawkwell, G. (1978): Philip II of Macedon, London (UK), pp. 147-166
Fine, J.V.A. (1983): The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History, Harvard University Press, pp. 311-312
Herodotus, The Histories, IX.66
Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, 1.108
