Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

This article is about the specific polity Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.

If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics

Is a country in Western Asia. Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, it became a British Protectorate after World War I and gained its indipendence in 1946.

Establishment

May 1946: Full independence of Transjordan on 25 May 1946.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Arab-Israeli conflict

is an ongoing conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbours, as well as with Palestine, an area factually controlled by Israel itself. The conflict begun when the British Mandate in Palestine (a former Ottoman territory) was partitioned into an Arab and a Jewish state.

1.1.Palestine War

Was a war that took place in Palestine, initially a British Mandate, between the Jewish population and the the Arab population (later with the support of the Arab league) of the region. It is traditionally divided in two phases: a civil war in the final phase of the British Mandate, and a full-scale invasion by a coalition of Arab countries after the British left Palestine. During the war the State of Israel was established.

1.1.1.1948 Arab-Israeli War

Was a war between the newly established State of Israel and a coalition of Arab states. It was the second phase of the Palestine War of 1948. After the evacuation of the British forces from the Mandate for Palestine, Israel declared its independence, and Palestine was invaded by a coalition of Arab states.

1.1.1.1.Southern Front - Operation Uvda

Was a military operation by Israeli forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

March 1948: The Jewish Alexandroni Brigade moved from Beersheba through Mamshit towards Sodom.

March 1948: Jewish Negev forces moved towards Umm Rashrash through the Valley of Fingers.

March 1948: The Jewish Alexandroni Brigade captured Ein Gedi.

March 1948: On March 9, Golani forces captured Gharandal.

March 1948: The Negev Brigade occupied Ras al-Naqb.

1.1.2.1949 Armistice Agreements

Were a series of agreements between Israel, Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria that formally ended the 1948 Arab-Israel War.

July 1949: By 20 July Israel made Armistice Agreements with Egypt, Lebanon, Transjordan, and Syria, ending the 1947-1949 Palestine war. Israel left the territories that it had occupied outside Mandatory Palestine.

1.2.Jordanian annexation of the West Bank

As a Consequence of the Palestine War, Jordan annexed the West Bank.

April 1950: Jordanian annexation of the West Bank.

1.3.Six-Day War

Was a war fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states (primarily Egypt, Syria, and Jordan) from 5 to 10 June 1967.

June 1967: After the closure of the Straits of Tiran, Israel launched a preemptive attack against Egypt and Jordan.

June 1967: Occupation of the Western Bank by israel after the six day war.

1.4.Black September

Was a war between the Jordanian Armed Forces and the Palestine Liberation Organization, formed by the Palestinian refugees that acted as a state in a state in Jordan. .

1.4.1.Syrian invasion of Jordan during Black September

Jordan forces surrounded cities with significant PLO presence including Amman and Irbid, and began shelling Palestinian refugee camps where the fedayeen were established. Forces from the Syrian Army invaded Jordan in support of the fedayeen.

September 1970: Jordan feared foreign intervention in the events in support of the fedayeen; this soon materialized on 18 September after a force from Syria with Palestine Liberation Army (PLA) markings marched towards Irbid, which the fedayeen had declared a "liberated" city.

September 1970: Airstrikes inflicted heavy losses on the Syrians, and on the late afternoon of 22 September, the Syrian 5th Division began to retreat from Jordan.

2. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

February 1958: The Federation was formed on 14 February 1958, when King Faisal II of Iraq and his cousin, King Hussein of Jordan, sought to unite their two Hashemite kingdoms, as a response to the formation of the United Arab Republic between Egypt and Syria.

August 1958: The union lasted only six months, being officially dissolved on 2 August 1958, after Faisal II of Iraq was deposed by a military coup on 14 July.

January 1966: In 1965 Jordan and Saudi Arabia concluded a bilateral agreement that realigned their border.

Selected Sources

Gilbert, M. (2012): The Routledge Atlas of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 10th Edition, Routledge, p.50

Operation Uvda (March 5 - March 10, 1949). Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved on 6 April 2024 on https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/operation-uvda

Richard L Abel, Ole Hammerslev, Hilary Sommerlad, Ulrike Schultz (2020): Lawyers in 21st-Century Societies: Vol. 1: National Reports, Bloomsbury Publishing, p.642

Tucker, E. (2016): The Middle East in Modern World History, Routledge, p.222