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Data

Name: Hyksos Kingdom

Type: Polity

Start: 1659 BC

End: 1550 BC

Statistics

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Hyksos Kingdom

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Was a small polity that became independent from Ancient Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt.

Establishment

January 1659 BC: The XVth Dynasty of Egypt was formed in Avaris around 1660 by the Hyksôs, which means "heads of foreign countries". We do not know their exact origin but they must have been either a people from the Middle East or a coalition of peoples who had immigrated to the delta from the Middle Kingdom. The Hyksos probably conquered also Xois.

Chronology

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1. Second Intermediate Period

Was a period when ancient Egypt was broken into smaller dynasties for a second time, between the end of the Middle Kingdom and the start of the New Kingdom.

1.1.Conquests of the Hyksos

The Hyksos were people of probable Levantine origin who established the Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt (1650-1550 BC).

January 1649 BC: The Hyksos were people of probable Levantine origin, who established the Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Based at the city of Avaris in the Nile delta, from where they ruled the northern part of the country.

January 1642 BC: The Pharaohs of the XIIIth dynasty ruled over most of Egypt until Dedumose I. Then the Hyksos seized seized Egypt, thanks to the support of their superior technology.

1.1.1.Foundation of the Hyksos Kingdom at Avaris (XV Dinasty)

The Hyksos were people of probable Levantine origin who established the Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt (1650-1550 BC).

1.1.2.Xois conquered by the Hyksos

The Hyksos Kingdom conquered the Egyptian dynasty ruling in Xois.

1.2.Revolt of Thebes (XVII Dinasty)

Creation of one of the many local dynasties that emerged in Ancient Egypt during the second intermediate period.

January 1621 BC: The XVIIth dynasty was born in Thebes, resulting from a local branch of the XIIIth dynasty, and whose first representative was King Intef V. The dynasty reigned over the first eight nomes of Upper Egypt.

1.3.Secession of Nubia

Was the secession of territories in Nubia during the Second Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt.

1.3.1.Secession of Nédjeh

Nédjeh seceded from the Kingdom of Egypt and created a dynasty (the XVII dynasty) that ruled in Nubia between Elephantine and the second cataract of the Nile.

January 1569 BC: Nedjeh founded a Nubian kingdom between Elephantine and the second cataract of the Nile, whose capital was Buhen.

1.4.War between Thebes and Hyksos

The Egyptian dynasty of Thebes reconquered most of the secessionist polities and reuinited Egypt.

January 1549 BC: Pharaoh Ahmose I completed the conquest and expulsion of the Hyksos from the Nile Delta.

Disestablishment

January 1549 BC: Pharaoh Ahmose I completed the conquest and expulsion of the Hyksos from the Nile Delta.

Selected Sources

Bietak, Manfred (2001). "Hyksos". In Redford, Donald B. (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 136–143.

Data

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Hyksos Kingdom

Establishment

Chronology

Disestablishment

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