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Was an Ancient Greek Polis (city-state) in central Greece.
Establishment
January 699 BC: In historical times, Megara was an early dependency of Corinth. Megara fought a war with Corinth and became independent around 700 BC.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states.
1.1.Second Persian invasion of Greece
Was an unsuccesful military campaign waged by Achaemenid King Xerxes I that sought to conquer all of Greece.
October 480 BC: Athens, with the whole of Attica, fell to the Achaemenid Empire in September 480 BC.
January 479 BC: With the Allies now dug in across the isthmus, there was therefore little chance of the Persians conquering the rest of Greece by land. In summary, if Xerxes could destroy the Allied navy, he would be in a strong position to force a Greek surrender; this seemed the only hope of concluding the campaign in that season. Conversely by avoiding destruction, or as Themistocles hoped, by destroying the Persian fleet, the Greeks could avoid conquest. Partly as a result of subterfuge on the part of Themistocles, the navies finally engaged in the cramped Straits of Salamis. The Greek fleet attacked, and scored a decisive victory. All of the Persian forces abandoned Attica, with Mardonius over-wintering in Boeotia and Thessaly. Some Athenians were thus able to return to their burnt-out city for the winter.
April 479 BC: After the failed Greek uprising against the Persian rule, the Athenians, led by Themistocles, abandoned their city once more in -479. The Persians, under the command of Xerxes I, then regained control of Athens and Attica.
July 479 BC: Mardonius, a Persian general, retreated to Boeotia near Plataea to draw the Allied army led by the Athenian general Pausanias into open terrain where his cavalry could be advantageous. This event took place in -479 during the Greco-Persian Wars.
1.2.Wars of the Delian League
Were a series of campaigns fought between the Delian League of Athens and her allies (and later subjects), and the Achaemenid Empire of Persia.
January 459 BC: Megara defected from the Spartan-dominated Peloponnesian League (c. 460 BC) to the Delian league.
Was a war fought between Sparta as leader of the Peloponnesian League and Sparta's other allies, most notably Thebes, against the Delian League led by Athens with support from Argos.
2.1.Thirty Years' Peace
Was a treaty signed between the ancient Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta that brought an end to the First Peloponnesian War.
April 445 BC: The arrangement between Sparta and Athens was ratified by the "Thirty Years' Peace" (winter of 446-445 BC). According to this treaty, Megara was returned to the Peloponnesian League.
January 444 BC: With the peace treaty between Athens and Sparta, Paghe came under the influence of Megara.
Were a series of conflicts that were fought between the generals of Alexander the Great, known as the Diadochi, over who would rule his empire following his death.
3.1.Third War of the Diadochi
Was a war between Macedonian Generals that saw Ptolemy, Lysimachus and Cassander fight against Antigonus.
September 312 BC: Ptolemaic march in Chalkis, Oropos, Attica, Boeotia and Locris.
October 312 BC: Ptolemy (the nephew of general of Antigonus I Monophthalmus) marches through Chalkis and Oropos, as well as Attica, Boeotia and Locris freeing these regions from the occupation of the Ptolemaic Kingdom.
3.2.Fourth War of the Diadochi
Was a war between Macedonian generals that saw Ptolemy, Lysimachus and Cassander fight against Antigonus and Demetrios.
January 307 BC: In the time of the Diadochi, Megara came under the rule of Ptolemy I in 308.
September 307 BC: Demetrios frees Megara.
April 304 BC: Military offensive of Cassander in Aetolia and in Athens.
September 304 BC: Demetrios (Antigonid Dynasty) liberates Chalkidiki, Boeotia, and Aetolia.
Disestablishment
January 242 BC: Megara enters the Achaean League.
Megara
