Mesambria (Pontos)

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Was a Greek Polis (city-state) in the ancient region of Pontos.

Establishment

January 500 BC: Mesambria (Pontos) was founded around the VI Century.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Greco-Persian Wars

Were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states.

1.1.Second Persian invasion of Greece

Was an unsuccesful military campaign waged by Achaemenid King Xerxes I that sought to conquer all of Greece.

June 480 BC: Having crossed into Europe in April 480 BC, the Persian army began its march to Greece.

September 479 BC: The Battle of Plataea was the final land battle between the Achaemenid Empire and the Greek Poleis during the second Persian invasion of Greece. The Persian infantry proved no match for the heavily armoured Greek hoplites, and the Spartans broke through to General Mardonius's bodyguard and killed him. The Persian force thus dissolved and 40,000 troops managed to escape to Thessaly. The Persians also left territories occupied in Mesambria (Pontos).

2. Peloponnesian War

Was an ancient Greek war fought between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies for the hegemony of the Greek world.

January 423 BC: Mesambria (Pontos: West Coast) joined the Delian League, under the leadership of Athens.

2.1.Second Phase - Deceleian War

Was the second phase of the Peloponnesian War, where Sparta allied with Persia against Athens, which capitulated and lost its empire.

January 403 BC: After a prolonged siege by Sparta, Athens surrendered. As a consequence Athens had to form an alliance with Sparta, the Long Walls of the city were demolished, its territory was reduced to just Attica and Salamis and the Delian-Attic league was dissolved.

3. Mithridatic Wars

Were three conflicts fought by Rome against the Kingdom of Pontus and its allies between 88 BC and 63 BC. They are named after Mithridates VI, the King of Pontus during the course of the wars.

3.1.Third Mithridatic War

Was the last and longest of the three Mithridatic Wars, fought between Mithridates VI of Pontus and the Roman Republic. The conflict ended in defeat for Mithridates, ending the Pontic Kingdom, ending the Seleucid Empire (by then a rump state), and also resulting in the Kingdom of Armenia becoming an allied client state of Rome.

January 70 BC: Mesambria (Pontos) fell under Roman rule in 71 BC.