Methone (Makedonia)
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A Greek polis in ancient Makedonia.
Establishment
January 731 BC: According to Plutarch, Methone was founded as a Greek colony in the year 733/732 BC.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states.
1.1.Second Persian invasion of Greece
Was an unsuccesful military campaign waged by Achaemenid King Xerxes I that sought to conquer all of Greece.
June 480 BC: Having crossed into Europe in April 480 BC, the Persian army began its march to Greece.
September 479 BC: The Battle of Plataea was the final land battle between the Achaemenid Empire and the Greek Poleis during the second Persian invasion of Greece. The Persian infantry proved no match for the heavily armoured Greek hoplites, and the Spartans broke through to General Mardonius's bodyguard and killed him. The Persian force thus dissolved and 40,000 troops managed to escape to Thessaly. The Persians also left territories occupied in Methone (Makedonia).
Was an ancient Greek war fought between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies for the hegemony of the Greek world.
2.1.Second Phase - Deceleian War
Was the second phase of the Peloponnesian War, where Sparta allied with Persia against Athens, which capitulated and lost its empire.
January 403 BC: After a prolonged siege by Sparta, Athens surrendered. As a consequence Athens had to form an alliance with Sparta, the Long Walls of the city were demolished, its territory was reduced to just Attica and Salamis and the Delian-Attic league was dissolved.
Creation of the Second Athenian League (a league of ancient Greece).
January 377 BC: Methone (Makedonia) enters the Second Athenian League, a maritime confederation of Aegean city-states headed by Athens.
Was a war between the Second Athenian League and the allied city-states of Chios, Rhodes, Cos and Byzantion.
January 354 BC: Methone (Makedonia) left the Second Athenian League. Most of the city-states of the League became independent in 355 BC following the Social War.
Expansion of Macedonia under King Philip II.
January 353 BC: During the 355-354 BC siege of Methone, Philip II lost his right eye to an arrow wound, but managed to capture the city.
January 352 BC: Methone was besieged by the Macedonian king Philip II, who thereby lost his eye by an arrow (354/3 BC). After their surrender King Philip allowed the inhabitants to leave the city.
January 433 BC: Methone was not ruled by Macedonia but was an ally of Athens and since 434 BC, a member of the Athenian League.
Disestablishment
January 352 BC: Methone was besieged by the Macedonian king Philip II, who thereby lost his eye by an arrow (354/3 BC). After their surrender King Philip allowed the inhabitants to leave the city.
Selected Sources
Bleckmann, B. (2016): Der Peloponnesische Krieg, Munich (Germany), p. 107-113
Herodotus, The Histories, IX.66
Herodotus, The Histories, VII.25
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