Novgorod Republic

This article is about the specific polity Novgorod Republic and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.

If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics

Was an East Slavic polity that ruled over the northern regions of European Russia. Following the death of Mstislav I of Kiev in 1132, it became independent from the Kievan Rus'. From 1243 it fell to the Vassalage of the Mongol Empire (and then its successor in Eastern Europe, the Golden Horde).

Establishment

January 1133: Following the death of Mstislav I of Kiev in 1132, the semi-autonomous states of the Kievan Rus' were de facto independent.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Fragmentation of the Kievan Rus´

Following the death of Mstislav I of Kiev in 1132, the semi-autonomous states of the Kievan Rus' were de facto independent.

2. Swedish-Novgorodian Wars

Were a series of conflicts in the 12th and 13th centuries between the Republic of Novgorod and Medieval Sweden over control of the Gulf of Finland.

August 1240: In July 1240, the Swedish commanders Jarl Birger and Ulf Fassi attempted to invade Novgorod.

3. Livonian campaign against Rus´

Was a military campaign carried out by the Teutonic Knights of the Livonian Order with the aim to conquer the lands of Pskov and Novgorod.

September 1240: In August, the Livonian knights captured the town of Izborsk and arrived at the outskirts of Pskov, beginning a siege. The knights managed to bribe the Governor of the Pskov, Tverdila, and he opened the gates of the city. The townspeople tried to resist but, in the end, had to surrender.

April 1241: In 1241, the Teutonic Order, led by Grand Master Hermann von Salza, captured the Novgorod city of Tesov. They then constructed the fortress of Koporie to store their supplies and strengthen their control over the region.

April 1242: One of Russia's most famous battles, the Battle of the Ice, took place on the ice of Lake Peipsi. The battle was a significant defeat sustained by the crusaders during the Northern Crusades. The crusaders' defeat in the battle marked the end of their campaigns against the Orthodox Novgorod Republic.

June 1242: In the Spring of 1242, Alexander Nevsky, the prince of Novgorod, recaptured Pskov.

4. Mongol invasions and conquests

Were a series of military campaigny by the Mongols that created the largest contiguous Empire in history, the Mongol Empire, which controlled most of Eurasia.

4.1.Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'

The Mongol Empire invaded and conquered the Kievan Rus' in the mid-13th century.

January 1243: Only the Republic of Novgorod escaped the occupation but had to submit to the payment of a tribute.

5. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

January 1228: With the wars against Estonians from 1208 to 1227, the Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquered Estonia with the exception of Saarema and Danish Estonia.

January 1239: The Principality of Beloozero was detached from the Principality of Rostov in 1238.