This article is about the specific polity Republic of Somalia and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
Is a country in the Horn of Africa. Somalia gained independency from Italy and the United Kingdom in 1960. The current Republic occured in 1991 duing the Somali Civil War. The northern portion of the country is de facto controlled by the independent Republic of Somaliland since 1991.
Establishment
January 1991: The Interim Government of Somalia, led by Ali Mahdi Muhammad, was established immediately after the collapse of the Somali Democratic Republic.
May 1991: After Barre's dismissal, the clashes between the rebels and the counter-revolutionaries, who were trying to re-establish Barre in power again, continued, leading to an increasingly violent and chaotic situation approaching a state of anarchy, especially in the south, to escape from which the north-western region of the country, Somaliland, declared itself independent.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Is an ongoing civil war in Somalia. It started in 1991 and includes several related phases. .
December 2022: Somali forces and allied militias seized Adan Yabal from Al-Shabaab.
January 2024: In the last quarter of 2023, the Somali National Army captured new localities in south Mudug.
February 2024: By the end of February 2024, Al-Shabaab reoccupied south Mudug.
1.1.Las Anod conflict
Is a conflict between Somaliland and the breakaway state of Khaatumo SSC.
October 2023: On 19 October, Somalia officially recognized SSC-Khaatumo as a federal member state.
1.2.Lords of War Phase
Was a phase of the Somali Civil War where the country was divided by among de facto lords of war.
January 1993: In 1992, the territory of Somalia was divided among different factions, with the SNF controlling a portion of the country. The armed groups included warlords such as Mohamed Farrah Aidid and Ali Mahdi Muhammad, who were vying for power in the midst of a civil war. The situation was chaotic and unstable, leading to widespread violence and humanitarian crises.
January 1993: In 1992, the territory of Somaliland declared independence from Somalia. The rest of Somalia was controlled by various armed groups, including warlords like Mohamed Farrah Aidid and Ali Mahdi Muhammad. Somaliland has since been functioning as a self-declared independent state, although it is not internationally recognized.
January 1993: Within the Congress of United Somalia, the leadership of Ali Mahdi Mohamed and control of the capital Mogadishu was disputed by the rival faction led by gen. Mohammed Farah Aidid, opening a new phase of internal clashes on the rebel front. The effective control of the Congress was limited to the capital Mogadishu and the surrounding region of Benadir, while the rest of Somalia was controlled by various armed groups.
January 1993: In 1992, the territory of Somaliland declared independence from Somalia. The rest of Somalia was controlled by various armed groups, including warlords like Mohamed Farrah Aidid and Ali Mahdi Muhammad. The international community recognized Somaliland as an autonomous region, but not as a separate country.
January 1993: In 1992, the territory of Somalia was divided among different factions, with the region of Puntland declaring autonomy under the leadership of Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed. The rest of Somalia was controlled by various armed groups, leading to a prolonged period of civil war and instability in the country.
September 2000: In August 2000 a new peace conference was held in Djibouti among more than 2000 Somali clan leaders, at the end of which, on August 13, a Parliament of 225 deputies and a national transitional government were established.
1.3.Islamic Insurgency Phase
Was a phase of the Somali Civil War that saw the Somali Government fighting against the Islamic Courts Union and Al-Shabab, both Islamist groups.
December 2006: Somali Political Situation as of December 25th 2006.
January 2009: In December 2008, Ethiopian soldiers withdrew from Somalia.
August 2014: Somali government and African Union Mission in Somalia forces retake the village of Buulo Mareer.
October 2014: The shebabs abandon their base in Brava.
July 2015: Government forces take without fighting the town of Bardera.
July 2015: Dinsor in turn falls to Somali and Ethiopian forces.
September 2015: Kuntuwarey conquered by Republic of Somalia.
February 2016: The port of Merka is taken without resistance by the Shebabs.
October 2016: Islamic State-aligned jihadists take the port city of Qandala.
November 2016: Halgan falls without resistance into the hands of the shebabs.
December 2016: Qandala conquered by Republic of Somalia.
1.3.1.Advance of the Islamic Courts Union
Were a series of operations by the Islamic Courts Union that expanded its territories, during the Somali Civil War.
August 2006: Advances of the Islamic Courts Union in by July 2006.
September 2006: Advances of the Islamic Courts Union in by August 2006.
November 2006: Advances of the Islamic Courts Union in by October 2006.
December 2006: Advances of the Islamic Courts Union in by November 2006.
1.3.2.Advance of Al-Shabaab
Were a series of operations by Al-Shabaab, a Salafi-jihadist military and political organisation, that expanded its territories, during the Somali Civil War.
December 2008: After the Ethiopian withdrawal from Somalia, the southern half of the country quickly fell into the hands of radical Islamist rebels. Sharia law is therefore enforced in areas under the control of Al-Shabaab militiamen.
February 2011: By January 2011 Al-Shabaab contolled central Somalia.
October 2015: Somali Political Situation as of December 25th 2006.
1.4.2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia
In July 2022, the Islamist militant group al-Shabaab launched an invasion from Somalia into Ethiopia's Somali Region.
Selected Sources
Advance of the UIC 2006. Wikipedia. 4 September 2007. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2006_ICU.png
Betts, A. (2013): Survival Migration: Failed Governance and the Crisis of Displacement, Cornell University Press, p. 139
Somali land 2006 12 25. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 7 April 2024 on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Somali_land_2006_12_25.png
Republic of Somalia
