Caucasus campaign (World War I)
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Was an armed conflict mainly between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire in the Caucasus area during World War I.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was the Russin offensive in Armenia during World War I.
November 1914: Russian forces reached Köprüköy on November 4.
November 1914: The 3rd Infantry Regiment, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, invaded Köprüköy during the Azap Offensive in November 1914, securing the territory for the Ottoman Empire.
November 1914: By the end of November, the front had stabilized, with the Russians clinging to a salient 25 kilometers into the Ottoman Empire along the Erzurum-Sarikamish axis.
December 1914: At the Battle of Ardahan, the city was captured by the Turks.
April 1915: The Russians were holding the towns of Eleşkirt, Ağrı and Doğubeyazıt in the south.
January 1916: The Battle of Koprukoy in 1916 occurred when the Russians were advancing to Erzurum.
April 1916: Ottoman forces retreated from Trabzon, and on April 15 the city was taken without a fight by the Russian Caucasus Army.
August 1916: Russian units pushed the Ottoman 2nd Army deep into Anatolia and defeated the Turks in the Battles of Mush and Bitlis (March 2 - August 24).
November 1917: The Transcaucasian Commissariat was established at Tbilisi on 11 November 1917, as the first government of the independent Transcaucasia following the October Revolution in Petrograd.
July 1916: On July 2, Erzincan was captured by Russina forces.
November 1914: The Ottoman 3rd Infantry Regiment invaded Köprüköy during the Azap Offensive in November 1914, securing the territory for the Ottoman Empire.
November 1914: Armenian volunteers were took Karaköse and Doğubeyazıt.
April 1915: Self-defensive measure by the Armenian population of Van against the Ottoman Empire. Armenian forces fought against the attempts to massacre the Armenian population in the Van Vilayet.
May 1915: Russian forces entered the town of Van.
February 1916: Ottoman Mahmut Kamil was forced to order the 3rd Army to retreat from the Erzurum, as Russian Yudenich had a numerical advantage over the Ottoman army.
Was the Ottoman military offensive during the Caucasus campaign of World War I.
February 1918: The Bolshevik revolution left Russia's vast southern territories unguarded. The Ottoman forces moved through east of the line between Tirebolu and Bitlis and took Kelkit on February 7.
February 1918: Erzincan conquered by Ottoman Empire.
February 1918: Bayburt conquered by Ottoman Empire.
February 1918: Tercan conquered by Ottoman Empire.
March 1918: Manzikert, Hınıs, Oltu, Köprüköy and Tortum conquered by Ottoman Empire.
February 1918: The Black Sea port of Trabzon was reconquered by Turkish forces on February 24.
March 1918: By March 24 the Ottoman forces had crossed the 1914 frontier into what had been Russian Empire territory, occupying parts of Armenia.
March 1918: On March 3, the Grand vizier Talat Pasha signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Russian SFSR. Bolshevik Russia ceded Batum, Kars, and Ardahan to the Ottomans, which the Russians had captured during the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878).
Was the theatre of war in Transcaucasia during World War I.
April 1918: The Ottomans with 10,000-12,000 troops captured the port of Batumi.
May 1918: Georgia withdrew from the federation and declared itself a separate republic, encouraged by the German mission led by Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein and Friedrich Werner von der Schulenburg.
October 1918: By September 1918, the Ottomans consolidated their control over northern Persia, between Tabriz and the southern shores of the Caspian Sea.
December 1918: The German protectorate in Georgia ended due to the military defeat of Germany in November 1918.
May 1918: The Treaty of Poti was a provisional agreement between the German Empire and the Democratic Republic of Georgia in which the latter accepted German protection and recognition.
April 1918: Surrender of the city of Kars to the Ottoman army.
May 1918: The First Republic of Armenia declared its independence.
