toulouse
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The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Duchy of Toulouse (Western Franks)
Duchy of Toulouse (France)
Establishment
January 889: After Odo, Count of Paris, had sat on the throne of France in 888, all the duchies and counties of south-western France and the Marque of Spain no longer recognized themselves as vassals of the king of France, for which from the tenth century the county of Toulouse was a fief of the kingdom of France, but increasingly independent.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
The Magyars (or Hungarians) successfully conquered the Carpathian Basin (corresponding to the later Kingdom of Hungary) by the end of the ninth century, and launched a number of plundering raids thoughout Europe.
January 918: Between 917 and 925, the Magyars raided through Basel, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence and the Pyrenees.
February 918: Between 917 and 925, the Magyars raided through Basel, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence and the Pyrenees. The Magyars then left the raided territories.
January 920: In 919, after the death of Conrad I of Germany, the Magyars raided Saxony, Lotharingia and West France.
February 920: End of the 919 Magyar raid in Saxony, Lotharingia and West France.
January 927: In 926, the Hungarians ravaged Swabia and Alsace, campaigned through present-day Luxembourg and reached as far as the Atlantic Ocean.
February 927: In 926, the Hungarians ravaged Swabia and Alsace, campaigned through present-day Luxembourg and reached as far as the Atlantic Ocean. After the raid, the Magyars left the occupied territories.
January 938: In 937, the Hungarians raided France as far west as Reims, Lotharingia, Swabia, Franconia, the Duchy of Burgundy and Italy as far as Otranto in the south.
February 938: In 937, the Hungarians raided France as far west as Reims, Lotharingia, Swabia, Franconia, the Duchy of Burgundy and Italy as far as Otranto in the south. After the ride they left these territories.
Were a series military campaigns from the 8th century until 1492 by the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula to reconquer the region from the Islamic rulers that had conquered it during the Umayyad conquest of Hispania.
February 921: After their raid in Gascony, the Muslim forces of Cordoba left the region.
2.1.Conquests of Abd ar-Rahman III
Were the conquests of the Emir and later Caliph of Córdoba, Abd ar-Rahman III.
January 921: 920: Muslim forces cross the Pyrenees, invade Gascony, besiege Toulouse and kill the garrison of Muez.
January 916: Sunifred II was the Count of Cerdanya and Conflent, ruling over a territory in the Pyrenees. In 915, his territory was absorbed into the County of Roussillon, ending his de facto independence.
July 987: Hugh Capet was proclaimed and crowned king of France at Noyon on 3 July 987.
January 1167: The county of Gevaudan was inherited in 1166 by Alfonso II of Aragon.
Disestablishment
January 1230: With the Treaty of Paris of 1229, Count Raymond VII of Toulouse had to recognize himself as a vassal of the Kingdom of France.
Selected Sources
Leyser, K. (1982): Medieval Germany and its neighbours, 900-1250, London (UK), p. 50
Reuter, T. (1995): The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 900-c. 1024, Cambridge (UK), p. 543
Reuter, T. (1995): The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 900-c. 1024, Cambridge University Press, p. 543
Sugar, P. F. / Hanák, P. (1994): A History of Hungary, Bloomington (USA), p. 13
