Hungarian invasions of Europe
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The Magyars (or Hungarians) successfully conquered the Carpathian Basin (corresponding to the later Kingdom of Hungary) by the end of the ninth century, and launched a number of plundering raids thoughout Europe.
Chronology
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January 927: In 926, the Hungarians ravaged Swabia and Alsace, campaigned through present-day Luxembourg and reached as far as the Atlantic Ocean.
January 948: In 947, Bulcsú, a Hungarian chieftain of Taksony, led a raid into Italy as far as Apulia.
January 938: In 937, the Hungarians raided France as far west as Reims, Lotharingia, Swabia, Franconia, the Duchy of Burgundy and Italy as far as Otranto in the south.
February 928: The Hungarians marched up to Rome and imposed large tribute payments on Tuscany and Tarento. After the raid, the Hungarians left these territories.
February 938: In 937, the Hungarians raided France as far west as Reims, Lotharingia, Swabia, Franconia, the Duchy of Burgundy and Italy as far as Otranto in the south. After the ride they left these territories.
January 939: In 938, the Magyars repeatedly attacked Saxony.
February 939: In 938, the Magyars repeatedly attacked Saxony. The territories were left after the raid.
February 943: Hungarians raided Spain, particularly Catalonia, in 942 AD. After the raid, they left the occupied regions.
February 948: In 947, Bulcsú, a Hungarian chieftain of Taksony, led a raid into Italy as far as Apulia.
February 941: In 940, the Magyars ravaged the region of Rome. The territories were left after the raid.
January 896: The Hungarians conquer the eastern parts of the Carpathian Basin after defeating the Bulgarians in Southern Transylvania and Tiszántúl.
January 896: The newly unified Hungarians, led by Árpád, settled in the Carpathian Basin starting in 895.
February 900: The Magyars leave northern Italy after a raid.
January 903: The Hungarians conquer the eastern parts of Great Moravia, ending with this the Hungarian Conquest of the Carpathian Basin, while the Slavs from West and North to this region, start to pay tribute to them.
January 902: In 901, the Magyars attacked Italy again.
February 902: In 901, the Magyars attacked Italy again. The territories were left after the raid.
February 903: In 902, the Magyars led a campaign against northern Moravia.The territories were left after the raid.
January 918: Between 917 and 925, the Magyars raided through Basel, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence and the Pyrenees.
February 918: Between 917 and 925, the Magyars raided through Basel, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence and the Pyrenees. The Magyars then left the raided territories.
February 920: End of the 919 Magyar raid in Saxony, Lotharingia and West France.
January 922: In 921, the Hungarians raided Italy, reaching Apulia in 922.
February 922: In 921, the Hungarians raided Italy, reaching Apulia in 922. The territories were left after the raid.
February 927: In 926, the Hungarians ravaged Swabia and Alsace, campaigned through present-day Luxembourg and reached as far as the Atlantic Ocean. After the raid, the Magyars left the occupied territories.
January 928: The Hungarians marched up to Rome and imposed large tribute payments on Tuscany and Tarento.
January 934: In 933, a substantial Magyar army appeared in Saxony.
February 934: An invading Magyar army is defeated by Henry I of Germany at Merseburg (15 March 933).
January 936: Magyar attacks against Upper Burgundy (in 935).
February 936: Magyar attacks against Upper Burgundy (in 935). The territories were left after the raid.
January 937: Hungarian raid against Saxony (in 936).
January 938: The Hungarians attacked Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire, reaching the walls of Constantinople.
August 955: The Hungarians invaded the Duchy of Bavaria in late June or early July 955.
January 920: In 919, after the death of Conrad I of Germany, the Magyars raided Saxony, Lotharingia and West France.
January 900: In 899, the Magyars defeated Berengar of Friuli's army in the Battle of Brenta River and invaded the northern regions of Italy.
January 903: In 902, the Magyars led a campaign against northern Moravia.
January 901: In 900, the Hungarian army, led by Prince Árpád, conquered Pannonia after their alliance proposal to the East Francians, led by King Louis the Child, was rejected. This marked a significant expansion of the Principality of Hungary's territory.
January 901: The Hungarians, returning victorious to their lands, invaded the Duchy, storming Cittanova Eracliana, Equilio, Brondolo and the two Chioggia, then advancing towards the port of Albiola, just south of Metamauco, where they were however finally rejected and defeated .
February 901: The Hungarians, returning victorious to their lands, invaded the Duchy, storming Cittanova Eracliana, Equilio, Brondolo and the two Chioggia, then advancing towards the port of Albiola, just south of Metamauco, where they were however finally rejected and defeated .
January 902: Lower Pannonia conquered by the Hungarians.
January 908: After the early medieval Great Moravian realm had been finally defeated by the Árpád princes of Hungary in 907, what is now Slovakia was incorporated as "Upper Hungary".
September 908: The Battle of Eisenach in Thuringia in 908 was won by the Hungarians under the leadership of Grand Prince Árpád. This victory solidified Hungarian control over the region and expanded the Principality of Hungary's territory.
October 908: The Battle of Eisenach in Thuringia in 908 was a victory for the Hungarians led by Grand Prince Árpád. The defeat of the East Frankish forces led by King Louis the Child resulted in Thuringia becoming part of the Hungarian territory.
July 910: The Battle of Lechfeld in 910 was a decisive victory for the Magyar army led by Grand Prince Árpád over the united Frankish Imperial Army of Louis the Child. This victory solidified the Magyar control over Bavaria, which became part of the Principality of Hungary.
August 910: The Battle of Lechfeld in 910 was a decisive victory for the Magyar army led by Grand Prince Árpád over the united Frankish Imperial Army of Louis the Child. This battle marked the end of the Magyar invasions into Bavaria and solidified East Francia's control over the region.
January 911: Three major Frankish imperial armies were defeated decisively by the Hungarians between 907 and 910. The Hungarians succeeded in extending the de iure Bavarian-Hungarian border to the River Enns.
February 937: Hungarian raid against Saxony (in 936). The territories were left after the raid.
February 938: The Hungarians attacked Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire, reaching the walls of Constantinople.
January 941: In 940, the Magyars ravaged the region of Rome.
January 943: Hungarians raided Spain, particularly Catalonia, in 942 AD.
Was a Hungarian invasion of Provence in the X century.
January 924: In that same 924 Rudolf found an agreement with Hugh of Provence to fight the Hungarians who had penetrated into Provence, and together they drove them back to Gotia, beyond the Rhone.
The Battle of Lechfeld was a series of military engagements over the course of three days from 10-12 August 955 in which the Kingdom of Germany, led by King Otto I the Great, annihilated the Hungarian army. With the German victory, further invasions by the Magyars into Latin Europe were ended.
August 955: Battle of Lechfeld.
September 955: The German forces of King Otto I the Great annihilated a Hungarian army (Second Battle of Lechfeld) led by harka Bulcsú and the chieftains Lél and Súr. With this German victory, further invasions by the Magyars into Latin Europe were ended.
Selected Sources
Kristó, G. (1993): A Kárpát-medence és a magyarság régmultja (1301-ig), Szeged (Hungary), p. 299
Lajos G. (2011): Hungary in the Carpathian Basin, Budapest (Hungary), p. 18
Leyser, K. (1982): Medieval Germany and its neighbours, 900-1250, London (UK), p. 50
Lowe, S. (30 May 2011). The Magyars of Hungary. https://web.archive.org/web/20091027151814/http://www.geocities.com/egfrothos/magyars/magyars.html
Makkai, L. (1990): The Hungarians' prehistory, their conquest of Hungary and their raids to the west to 955, in: A History of Hungary, Bloomington (USA) p. 8-14
Reuter, T. (1995): The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 900-c. 1024, Cambridge (UK), p. 543
Reuter, T. (1995): The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 900-c. 1024, Cambridge University Press, p. 543
Sugar, P. F. / Hanák, P. (1994): A History of Hungary, Bloomington (USA), p. 13
Timothy R. (1995) The New Cambridge Medieval History Volume 3, c. 900-c. 1024, Cambridge (UK), p. 543
