khanate of kazan
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Khanate of Kazan
Establishment
January 1446: In 1445, Ulugh Muhammad, the ruler of the Golden Horde, was murdered by his son, Mäxmüd of Kazan. Mäxmüd fled to the middle Volga region and established the Khanate of Kazan. This event marked the beginning of the Khanate of Kazan's independence from the Golden Horde.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a series of wars fought between the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Khanate of Kazan from 1439, until Kazan was finally conquered by the Tsardom of Russia under Ivan the Terrible in 1552.
1.1.Wars of Ivan III
Russian military campaign against the Khanate of Kazan by Ivan III.
September 1467: A fragile peace between Russia and Kazan was broken in 1467, when Ibrahim of Kazan came to the throne and Ivan III of Russia supported the claims of his ally or vassal Qasim Khan. Ivan's army sailed down the Volga, quickly reaching Kazan.
December 1467: In 1467, during the reign of Ivan III of Russia, the Russian forces faced difficulties due to autumn rains and rasputitsa while trying to advance in the occupied regions, which eventually fell under the control of the Khanate of Kazan.
January 1468: In 1467, the campaign led by Ivan III of Russia against the Khanate of Kazan fell apart due to the lack of unity and military capability among the Russian forces.
January 1469: The Russians sailed down the Vyatka River and the Kama towards the Volga, pillaging merchant vessels on their way.
February 1469: Khazan Khan Ibrahim mounted a counter-offensive against the Russians, overran Vyatka, and forced local inhabitants into slavery for the duration of the campaign.
December 1469: In autumn 1469, Ivan III of Moscow launched a third invasion of the Kazan khanate. The Russian commander, Prince Daniil Kholmsky, besieged Kazan, leading to the territory falling under the military occupation of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
January 1470: In 1469, under the terms of the peace settlement, the Khanate of Kazan set free all the ethnic Christian Russians they had enslaved in the forty previous years. The Russian and Kazan forces left the territories they had occupied during the war.
January 1470: In 1469, under the terms of the peace settlement, the Khanate of Kazan set free all the ethnic Christian Russians they had enslaved in the forty previous years. The Russians left the territories they had occupied in the Khanate of Khazan.
May 1487: Prince Kholmsky, also known as Ivan III of Russia, led the military occupation of Kazan in 1487. The city was a key stronghold of the Tatar Khanate and its capture was a significant victory for the Grand Duchy of Moscow in their expansion efforts.
June 1487: The city of Kazan fell to the Russians on 9 June.
January 1488: The Russian leave all occupied regions of the Khanate of Kazan.
January 1490: Expansion of the Grand Duchy of Moscow by 1490.
January 1506: A huge army of the Kazan and Nogai Tatars advanced towards Nizhny Novgorod and besieged the city.
1.2.Wars of Vasily III
Russian military campaign against the Khanate of Kazan by Vasily III.
January 1507: In 1506, Moxammat Amin, a ruler of all occupied regions, decided to seek peace and pay homage to Vasily III of Russia, the successor of Ivan the Great. This marked a significant shift in power dynamics in the region, with the territory ultimately going to the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
January 1523: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
February 1523: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow. After the raid the Kazans left the region.
January 1525: Russian Prince Ivan Belsky accepted the terms proposed by the Tatar envoys and returned to Moscow, evacuating the occupied territories in Kazan.
January 1525: In 1524, Prince Ivan Belsky led the 150,000-strong Russian army against the Tatar capital. This campaign is described in detail by a foreign witness, Herberstein. Belsky's huge army spent 20 days encamped on an island opposite Kazan.
August 1530: Prince Belsky of Moscow returned to the walls of Kazan in July 1530.
January 1531: The Tatars sued for peace, promising to accept any khan appointed from Moscow. The Moscovites accepted the peace terms and left the occupied territories.
January 1534: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
February 1534: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow. After the raid the Kazans left the region.
January 1538: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
February 1538: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow. After the raid the Kazans left the region.
January 1539: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
February 1539: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow. After the raid the Kazans left the region.
January 1540: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
February 1540: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow. After the raid the Kazans left the region.
January 1541: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
February 1541: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow. After the raid the Kazans left the region.
January 1542: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
February 1542: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow. After the raid the Kazans left the region.
1.3.Wars of Ivan IV
A Russian military campaign agains the Khanate of Kazan, which was was finally conquered by Russia.
January 1546: In 1545, Ivan IV of Moscow mounted an expedition to the Volga River.
February 1546: Moscovite forces leave the Volga River region after a raid.
January 1548: Russian military campaign in Kazan and the Volga River region in 1547-48.
February 1548: End of the Russian military campaign in Kazan and the Volga River region of 1547-48.
January 1550: Russian invasion of the Volga River region and siege of Kazan.
February 1550: The Russian forces leave the Volga River region.
August 1552: The final siege of the Tatar capital Kazan in 1552 was led by Tsar Ivan IV of Russia, also known as Ivan the Terrible. The military occupation of Kazan marked the end of the independent Khanate of Kazan and the incorporation of the territory into the Tsardom of Russia.
October 1552: The Siege of Kazan in 1552 was the final battle of the Russo-Kazan Wars and led to the fall of the Khanate of Kazan.
Disestablishment
August 1552: The final siege of the Tatar capital Kazan in 1552 was led by Tsar Ivan IV of Russia, also known as Ivan the Terrible. The military occupation of Kazan marked the end of the independent Khanate of Kazan and the incorporation of the territory into the Tsardom of Russia.
October 1552: The Siege of Kazan in 1552 was the final battle of the Russo-Kazan Wars and led to the fall of the Khanate of Kazan.
Selected Sources
Koshelev, A. (1904): The complete collection of Russian Chronicles, vol.13, Saint Petersburg (Russia)
Атлас. 6 класс. История России с древнейших времен до XVI века (Atlas. 6th grade. History of Russia from ancient times to the 16th century.) , Дрофа Publisher (2015), Moscow (Russia), p. 23
