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Was a series of wars fought between the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Khanate of Kazan from 1439, until Kazan was finally conquered by the Tsardom of Russia under Ivan the Terrible in 1552.
Chronology
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Russian military campaign against the Khanate of Kazan by Vasily II.
January 1440: In 1439, a year after the khanate's foundation, the very first khan of Kazan, Ulugh Muhammad, advanced on Moscow with a large army. Vasily II of Moscow fled from his capital across the Volga River.
January 1446: Khan Maxmut took the strategic fortress of Nizhny Novgorod and invaded Muscovy.
January 1446: Vasily II of Moscow mustered an army and defeated the Tatars near Murom and Gorokhovets.
January 1440: Tatars devastated the outskirts of Moscow for 10 days and on their way back to Kazan burned Kolomna. They also took many captives.
Russian military campaign against the Khanate of Kazan by Ivan III.
January 1495: Expansion of the Grand Duchy of Moscow by 1495.
January 1506: A huge army of the Kazan and Nogai Tatars advanced towards Nizhny Novgorod and besieged the city.
January 1470: In 1469, under the terms of the peace settlement, the Khanate of Kazan set free all the ethnic Christian Russians they had enslaved in the forty previous years. The Russian and Kazan forces left the territories they had occupied during the war.
May 1487: Prince Kholmsky, also known as Ivan III of Russia, led the military occupation of Kazan in 1487. The city was a key stronghold of the Tatar Khanate and its capture was a significant victory for the Grand Duchy of Moscow in their expansion efforts.
November 1480: The Great Stand on the Ugra River was a standoff between the forces of Akhmat Khan of the Great Horde, and the Grand Prince Ivan III of Muscovy in 1480 on the banks of the Ugra River, which ended when the Tatars departed without conflict. It is seen in Russian historiography as the end of Tatar/Mongol rule over Moscow.
September 1467: A fragile peace between Russia and Kazan was broken in 1467, when Ibrahim of Kazan came to the throne and Ivan III of Russia supported the claims of his ally or vassal Qasim Khan. Ivan's army sailed down the Volga, quickly reaching Kazan.
December 1467: In 1467, during the reign of Ivan III of Russia, the Russian forces faced difficulties due to autumn rains and rasputitsa while trying to advance in the occupied regions, which eventually fell under the control of the Khanate of Kazan.
January 1468: In 1467, the campaign led by Ivan III of Russia against the Khanate of Kazan fell apart due to the lack of unity and military capability among the Russian forces.
January 1469: The Russians sailed down the Vyatka River and the Kama towards the Volga, pillaging merchant vessels on their way.
January 1470: In 1469, under the terms of the peace settlement, the Khanate of Kazan set free all the ethnic Christian Russians they had enslaved in the forty previous years. The Russians left the territories they had occupied in the Khanate of Khazan.
January 1484: The Grand Duchy of Moscow gained the Elets principality (Елец) from Ryazan by an agreement.
January 1484: Expansion of the Grand Duchy of Moscow by 1484.
January 1486: The Kholm Principality lasted until the annexation of the Tver principality of Moscow in 1486.
June 1487: The city of Kazan fell to the Russians on 9 June.
January 1488: The Russian leave all occupied regions of the Khanate of Kazan.
January 1500: Expansion of the Grand Duchy of Moscow by 1500.
January 1501: The Putivl Principality is acquired by the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
January 1505: Ruza conquered by the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
January 1484: Ryazan completely annexed Pronsk in 1483 during the regency of Anna of Ryazan.
January 1486: The Mikulinskoe principality was ruled by Prince Ivan Mikulinsky until it was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1485. The annexation marked the end of Mikulinsky's rule and the incorporation of the territory into the expanding Moscow principality. It lasted until the annexation of the Tver principality of Moscow in 1486.
December 1469: In autumn 1469, Ivan III of Moscow launched a third invasion of the Kazan khanate. The Russian commander, Prince Daniil Kholmsky, besieged Kazan, leading to the territory falling under the military occupation of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
January 1484: Principality of Tver conquered by Grand Duchy of Moscow.
February 1469: Khazan Khan Ibrahim mounted a counter-offensive against the Russians, overran Vyatka, and forced local inhabitants into slavery for the duration of the campaign.
January 1468: When frosty winter came, the Russian generals launched an invasion of the northern Vyatka Region.
January 1490: Expansion of the Grand Duchy of Moscow by 1490.
2.1.First Lithuanian-Muscovite border war
Was a war of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, in alliance with the Crimean Khanate, against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Ruthenia in alliance with the Golden Horde Khan Akhmat.
2.2.Russo-Swedish War (1495-1497)
Was a border war which occurred between the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Kingdom of Sweden.
November 1495: The siege of Viborg in 1495 was led by Tsar Ivan III of Russia against the Kingdom of Sweden. The castellan who set the powder on fire was Knut Posse, a Swedish nobleman defending the city. The Muscovites were forced to retreat after the explosion, ending the siege.
August 1495: In 1495, Ivan III of Russia sent Princes Daniil Shchenya and Vasily Shuisky to besiege the Swedish castle of Viborg.
January 1497: In 1496, Hämeenlinna was severely devastated by Russian generals Vasily Kosoy and Andrey Chelyadnin during the military occupation of Finland by Russia.
January 1497: Svante Nilsson, a Swedish nobleman and military leader, led the occupation of Ivangorod in 1496. Ivangorod was a strategically important fortress located on the border between Sweden and Russia.
February 1497: Russian forces leave Swedish Finland.
February 1497: In 1497, during the Russo-Swedish War, the Swedes, led by King Hans of Denmark, set the fortress of Ivangorod ablaze before sailing back to their homeland. This event marked a significant victory for the Grand Duchy of Moscow in their conflict with Sweden.
2.3.Second Lithuanian-Muscovite border war
Was a war between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
2.3.1.Muscovite invasion
Was a Muscovite invasion of Lithuania.
2.3.2.Livonian Intervention alongside Lithuania
The Livonian Order joined the Second Muscovite Border War as an ally of Lithuania.
2.3.3.Truce (Second Lithuanian-Muscovite border war)
A six-year truce was concluded on the Feast of the Annunciation, ending the Second Muscovite Border War. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania lost approximately 210,000 square kilometres (81,000 sq mi), or a third of its territory.
Russian military campaign against the Khanate of Kazan by Vasily III.
January 1525: Russian Prince Ivan Belsky accepted the terms proposed by the Tatar envoys and returned to Moscow, evacuating the occupied territories in Kazan.
February 1538: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow. After the raid the Kazans left the region.
February 1540: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow. After the raid the Kazans left the region.
January 1507: In 1506, Moxammat Amin, a ruler of all occupied regions, decided to seek peace and pay homage to Vasily III of Russia, the successor of Ivan the Great. This marked a significant shift in power dynamics in the region, with the territory ultimately going to the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
January 1511: In 1510, Grand Prince of Moscow Vasili III arrived in Pskov and ended the Pskov Republic and its autonomous rights.
January 1511: Expansion of the Grand Duchy of Moscow by 1511.
January 1523: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
February 1523: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow. After the raid the Kazans left the region.
January 1524: Expansion of the Grand Duchy of Moscow by 1524.
January 1525: In 1524, Prince Ivan Belsky led the 150,000-strong Russian army against the Tatar capital. This campaign is described in detail by a foreign witness, Herberstein. Belsky's huge army spent 20 days encamped on an island opposite Kazan.
August 1530: Prince Belsky of Moscow returned to the walls of Kazan in July 1530.
January 1531: The Tatars sued for peace, promising to accept any khan appointed from Moscow. The Moscovites accepted the peace terms and left the occupied territories.
January 1534: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
February 1534: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow. After the raid the Kazans left the region.
January 1538: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
January 1539: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
January 1540: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
February 1541: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow. After the raid the Kazans left the region.
January 1542: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
February 1542: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow. After the raid the Kazans left the region.
September 1521: End of the Crimean campaign against the Muscovites.
February 1539: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow. After the raid the Kazans left the region.
January 1521: The Principality of Ryazan is acquired by Moscow.
January 1541: Kazan attack in the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
3.1.Truce (Fourth Lithuanian-Muscovite border war)
Was a treaty that ended the Lithuanian-Muscovite War (1512-1522). The Grand Duchy of Moscow retained Smolensk.
A Russian military campaign agains the Khanate of Kazan, which was was finally conquered by Russia.
January 1548: Russian military campaign in Kazan and the Volga River region in 1547-48.
January 1546: In 1545, Ivan IV of Moscow mounted an expedition to the Volga River.
February 1546: Moscovite forces leave the Volga River region after a raid.
February 1548: End of the Russian military campaign in Kazan and the Volga River region of 1547-48.
January 1550: Russian invasion of the Volga River region and siege of Kazan.
February 1550: The Russian forces leave the Volga River region.
October 1552: The Siege of Kazan in 1552 was the final battle of the Russo-Kazan Wars and led to the fall of the Khanate of Kazan.
August 1552: The final siege of the Tatar capital Kazan in 1552 was led by Tsar Ivan IV of Russia, also known as Ivan the Terrible. The military occupation of Kazan marked the end of the independent Khanate of Kazan and the incorporation of the territory into the Tsardom of Russia.
October 1552: In August 1552, forces of Ivan the Terrible, operating from the Russian castle of Sviyazhsk, laid siege to Kazan. The Russians defeated the Tatar inland troops, burnt Archa and some castles. On October 3, after two months of siege and destruction of the citadel walls, the Russians entered the city.
Selected Sources
Koshelev, A. (1904): The complete collection of Russian Chronicles, vol.13, Saint Petersburg (Russia)
Атлас 7 класс История России 16 - конец 17 века (Atlas, 7th grade, History of Russia, 16th - end of the 17th century.) , Дрофа Publisher (2015), Moscow (Russia), p. 2
Атлас. 6 класс. История России с древнейших времен до XVI века (Atlas. 6th grade. History of Russia from ancient times to the 16th century.) , Дрофа Publisher (2015), Moscow (Russia), p. 23
Russo-Kazan Wars
