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The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Western Xia
Western Xia (Mongol)
Establishment
January 983: Li Jiqian refused to submit to Song administration and established the Western Xia.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of military conflicts fought by the Northern Song dynasty, Western Xia dynasty, and Liao dynasty from the late 10th century to early 12th century.
January 1006: Western Xia Expansion by 1005.
January 1033: In 1032, Western Xia emperor Yuanhao annexed the Tibetan confederation of Xiliangfu.
January 1104: In 1103, the Song dynasty annexed Tsongkha.
January 1137: Western Xia Expansion by 1136.
1.1.Jiqian's rebellion
Li Jiqian, did not agree to this and refused to submit to Song administration.
January 986: The Western Xia capture Yinzhou.
1.2.Shenzong's invasion
In 1081, the Song dynasty launched a military attack on the Western Xia.
January 1082: In 1081, the Song dynasty launched a five-pronged attack on the Western Xia.
Was an era of disunity in Tibetan history lasting from the death of the Tibetan Empire's last emperor, Langdarma, in 842 until Drogön Chögyal Phagpa became the Imperial Preceptor of the three provinces of Tibet in 1253, under the Yuan dynasty.
January 1073: The Song dynasty gains control of Wushengjun.
Were a series of military campaigny by the Mongols that created the largest contiguous Empire in history, the Mongol Empire, which controlled most of Eurasia.
3.1.Conquest of Mongolia and Siberia
By 1206, Genghis Khan had conquered all Mongol and Turkic tribes in southern Siberia and Mongolia.
January 1207: In 1206, Temujin was crowned as the khagan (Emperor) of the Yekhe Mongol Ulus (Great Mongol State) at a Kurultai (general assembly/council). It was there that he assumed the title of Genghis Khan (universal leader) instead of one of the old tribal titles such as Gur Khan or Tayang Khan, marking the start of the Mongol Empire.
January 1208: Jochi subjugated the Siberian forest people, the Uriankhai, the Oirats, Barga, Khakas, Buryats, Tuvans, Khori-Tumed, and Kyrgyz
3.2.Conquest of Western Xia
Was a series of conflicts between the Mongol Empire and the Tangut-led Western Xia dynasty in northwestern China. Western Xia was finally annexed to the Mongol Empire.
3.2.1.First Mongol invasion of Western Xia
Was the first Mongol military campaign in Western Xia. Western Xia became a Mongol vassal.
September 1209: After defeating a force led by Kao Liang-Hui outside Wulahai, Genghis Khan captured the city.
February 1210: After a nearly year-long siege of the capital, Yinchuan, although the diverted river accidentally flooded the Mongol camp, the Tangut emperor Li Anquan surrendered in January 1210.
3.2.2.Second Mongol Invasion of Western Xia
Was the second Mongol military campaign in Western Xia. Western Xia was inglobated in the Mongol Empire.
August 1225: When Genghis invaded the Islamic Khwarazmian dynasty in 1219, Western Xia attempted to break away from the Empire and ally with the Jin and Song dynasties. Angered by this betrayal, in 1225 Genghis Khan sent a second, punitive expedition into Western Xia. After taking Khara-Khoto, the Mongols began a steady advance southward.
April 1226: Genghis then moved to Ganzhou, the hometown of his general Chagaan. Chagaan's father still commanded the city garrison, so Chagaan attempted negotiations with him. However, the second-in-command of the city staged a coup, killed Chagaan's father, and refused to surrender. The city took five months to subdue.
September 1226: Wuwei conquered by the Mongols.
December 1226: Siege of Lingwu.
October 1227: In September 1227, Emperor Mozhu surrendered to the Mongols and was promptly executed.
January 986: The Western Xia captured Yinzhou the next year.
January 1001: Extension of the Liao Dynasty by the year 1000.
January 1029: In 1028, Western Xia prince Yuanhao conquered the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom.
January 1031: The Tanguts, who later established the Western Xia, annexed the Kingdom of Guiyi.
January 1074: In 1072 and 1073, the Song commander Wang Shao defeated the Tibetans of Tsongkha and conquered Xizhou and Hezhou.
October 1082: The Western Xia captured Yongle.
January 1101: The Kerait state is established in the 11th century.
January 1125: Qara Khitai was a sinicized empire in Central Asia, ruled by the Khitan Yelü clan. The dynasty was founded by Yelü Dashi (Emperor Dezong of Liao), who led the remnants of the Liao dynasty to Central Asia after fleeing from the Jurchen conquest of their homeland in the north and northeast of modern-day China.
January 1126: The Mongolian plateau was occupied mainly by five powerful tribal confederations (khanlig): Keraites, Khamag Mongol, Naiman, Mergid, and Tatar.
Disestablishment
October 1227: In September 1227, Emperor Mozhu surrendered to the Mongols and was promptly executed.
Selected Sources
Barfield, T. J. (1992): The perilous frontier: nomadic empires and China, Hoboken (USA), p. 184
Western_Xia_Expansion. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 7 April 2024 on https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Western_Xia_expansion.png
western xia
