Western Xia

This article is about the specific polity Western Xia and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.

If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics

Was a Tangut-led Buddhist imperial dynasty that ruled northwestern China. It was subjugated by the Mongol Empire in 1210 and finally incorporated by the empire after a rebellion.

Establishment

January 983: Li Jiqian refused to submit to Song administration and established the Western Xia.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Song-Xia wars

Were a series of military conflicts fought by the Northern Song dynasty, Western Xia dynasty, and Liao dynasty from the late 10th century to early 12th century.

January 1006: Western Xia Expansion by 1005.

January 1033: In 1032, Western Xia emperor Yuanhao annexed the Tibetan confederation of Xiliangfu.

January 1104: In 1103, the Song dynasty annexed Tsongkha.

January 1137: Western Xia Expansion by 1136.

1.1.Jiqian's rebellion

Li Jiqian, did not agree to this and refused to submit to Song administration.

January 986: The Western Xia capture Yinzhou.

1.2.Shenzong's invasion

In 1081, the Song dynasty launched a military attack on the Western Xia.

January 1082: In 1081, the Song dynasty launched a five-pronged attack on the Western Xia.

2. Tibet - Era of Fragmentation

Was an era of disunity in Tibetan history lasting from the death of the Tibetan Empire's last emperor, Langdarma, in 842 until Drogön Chögyal Phagpa became the Imperial Preceptor of the three provinces of Tibet in 1253, under the Yuan dynasty.

January 1073: The Song dynasty gains control of Wushengjun.

3. Mongol invasions and conquests

Were a series of military campaigny by the Mongols that created the largest contiguous Empire in history, the Mongol Empire, which controlled most of Eurasia.

3.1.Conquest of Mongolia and Siberia

By 1206, Genghis Khan had conquered all Mongol and Turkic tribes in southern Siberia and Mongolia.

January 1207: In 1206, Temujin was crowned as the khagan (Emperor) of the Yekhe Mongol Ulus (Great Mongol State) at a Kurultai (general assembly/council). It was there that he assumed the title of Genghis Khan (universal leader) instead of one of the old tribal titles such as Gur Khan or Tayang Khan, marking the start of the Mongol Empire.

January 1208: Jochi subjugated the Siberian forest people, the Uriankhai, the Oirats, Barga, Khakas, Buryats, Tuvans, Khori-Tumed, and Kyrgyz

3.2.Conquest of Western Xia

Was a series of conflicts between the Mongol Empire and the Tangut-led Western Xia dynasty in northwestern China. Western Xia was finally annexed to the Mongol Empire.

3.2.1.First Mongol invasion of Western Xia

Was the first Mongol military campaign in Western Xia. Western Xia became a Mongol vassal.

September 1209: After defeating a force led by Kao Liang-Hui outside Wulahai, Genghis Khan captured the city.

February 1210: After a nearly year-long siege of the capital, Yinchuan, although the diverted river accidentally flooded the Mongol camp, the Tangut emperor Li Anquan surrendered in January 1210.

4. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

January 986: The Western Xia captured Yinzhou the next year.

January 1001: Extension of the Liao Dynasty by the year 1000.

January 1029: In 1028, Western Xia prince Yuanhao conquered the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom.

January 1031: The Tanguts, who later established the Western Xia, annexed the Kingdom of Guiyi.

January 1074: In 1072 and 1073, the Song commander Wang Shao defeated the Tibetans of Tsongkha and conquered Xizhou and Hezhou.

October 1082: The Western Xia captured Yongle.

January 1101: The Kerait state is established in the 11th century.

January 1125: Qara Khitai was a sinicized empire in Central Asia, ruled by the Khitan Yelü clan. The dynasty was founded by Yelü Dashi (Emperor Dezong of Liao), who led the remnants of the Liao dynasty to Central Asia after fleeing from the Jurchen conquest of their homeland in the north and northeast of modern-day China.

January 1126: The Mongolian plateau was occupied mainly by five powerful tribal confederations (khanlig): Keraites, Khamag Mongol, Naiman, Mergid, and Tatar.

Disestablishment

February 1210: After a nearly year-long siege of the capital, Yinchuan, although the diverted river accidentally flooded the Mongol camp, the Tangut emperor Li Anquan surrendered in January 1210.