osroene
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The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Osroene
Osroene (Roman Client)
Osroene (Parthian Client)
Establishment
January 131 BC: Osroene, or Edessa, was one of several states that acquired independence from the collapsing Seleucid Empire through a dynasty of the nomadic Nabataean Arab tribe from Southern Canaan and North Arabia, the Osrhoeni, from 136 BC.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Military conquests of Armenian King Tigranes the Great.
January 87 BC: In -88, Osorene was conquered by Tigranes II of Armenia. Osorene was a region located in present-day eastern Syria and western Iraq. Tigranes II was a powerful ruler of the Kingdom of Armenia, known for his military conquests and expansion of his empire.
Were a series of Wars between Rome (first the Roman Republic then the Roman Empire and finally the Eastern Roman Empire) and Persia (the Parthian Empire, and then its successor, the Sasanian Empire). The wars were ended by the early Muslim conquests, which led to the fall of the Sasanian Empire and huge territorial losses for the Byzantine Empire.
2.1.Trajan's Parthian Campaign
Was a military campaign by Roman Emperor Trajan in 115 against the Parthian Empire in Mesopotamia.
January 116: The Roman armies crossed the Euphrates from Syria, descended the River Tigris from the Armenian highlands and headed south against Parthia itself. Leaving garrisons in suitable places, Emperor Trajan reached Edessa, where he met Abgar VII, king of Osroene, who submitted to Rome.
2.2.Roman-Parthian War of 161-166
Was a war fought between the Roman and Parthian Empires over Armenia and Upper Mesopotamia.
January 162: The Parthians attacked the entire frontier of Cappadocia and Syria, defeated many of the local garrisons, bringing destruction even under the walls of Antioch and captured the border fortress of Edessa.
January 164: In 163, the Parthians intervened in Osroene, a client state of the Romans located in Mesopotamia, east of Syria, with the capital Edessa. They deposed the Roman client king, Mannus, and replaced him with their own client king.
January 164: Roman occupation of Dausara and Nicephorium.
January 165: In 164 AD, Pacorus, the Parthian ruler of Armenia, was deposed. The former Roman consul of Emesa, Gaius Julius Soemus, who had been deposed by Vologeses, was then crowned as the new tributary king of Armenia under Roman rule.
January 166: In 165 AD, the city of Edessa in Osroene was reoccupied by the Roman client king Manno. This event marked the reinstatement of Manno as the ruler of Osroene under Roman authority.
2.3.Military Campaigns in Parthia by Septmius Severus
Was a military campaign by Roman Emperor Septimius Severus against the Parthian Empire.
January 198: The Siege of Nisibis in 197 AD was led by the Parthian Empire against the Roman forces defending the city.
February 198: The king of the Parthians, Vologases V, decided to leave Nisibis upon learning that the Roman Emperor Severus was approaching in 198 AD. Nisibis was part of the territory of Osroene, a Roman client state at the time.
2.4.Military Campaigns in Parthia by Caracalla
Was a military campaign by Roman Emperor Caracalla against the Parthian Empire.
January 215: The ruling Abgarid dynasty was deposed by the Romans during the reign of Roman Emperor Caracalla (r. 211-217), probably in 214, and Osroene was incorporated as a province.
Disestablishment
January 215: The ruling Abgarid dynasty was deposed by the Romans during the reign of Roman Emperor Caracalla (r. 211-217), probably in 214, and Osroene was incorporated as a province.
