If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this nation you can find it here: All Statistics
The cluster includes all the forms of the country since its independence in the XIX Century.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata
Argentine Confederation
Argentine Republic
Establishment
May 1810: The May Revolution led on May 25, 1810 to the formation of the First Government Junta, presided over by a Creole, Cornelio Saavedra, who claimed to impose his authority over the entire Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata as the legitimate successor of the viceroy.
June 1810: The city of Mendoza rebelled gainst Spain and joined the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata.
July 1810: The circular of May 27 was addressed to all the cities and municipalities of the viceroyalty. The cities of the interior located on the territory of the future Argentina recognized the new junta, including the cities of Mendoza and Salta.
July 1810: The city of San Luis, located in present-day Argentina, recognized the Junta, a revolutionary government established in Buenos Aires, as soon as news of its constitution arrived in 1810. This marked the city's support for the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata's independence movement.
July 1810: The cities of Upper Peru did not have occasion to pronounce themselves before their own governments did so in a negative sense. The only case in the city region that joined the Revolution was that of Tarija, which also elected its own deputy.
July 1810: In 1810, San Juan recognized the junta (government) of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata.
August 1810: In 1810, the cities of San José de Jáchal and San Agustín de Valle Fértil in Argentina decided to join the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata.
August 1810: Royalist troops deserted en masse, forcing their leaders to continue their flight with a meager escort, until they were captured one by one between 6 and 7 August and taken back to Córdoba. On August 10, the bulk of the army arrived in the city and the cabildo recognized the junta and the new governor de Pueyrredón.
September 1810: The cabildo of La Rioja, led by Governor Brizuela, hesitated to support the Junta until 1 September 1810. This delay was due to conflicting loyalties and uncertainty about the political situation in the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata.
October 1810: Oruro, by means of a coup d'état, joined the junta of Buenos Aires.
October 1810: On October 9, General Gaspar de Vigodet gave the naval officer Juan Ángel Michelena the task of occupying the banks of the Uruguay River, forcing the authorities of the villages located on them, including the city of Concepción del Uruguay (occupied on November 6) ,.
October 1810: The royalists abandoned Tupiza and fell back to Cotagaita.
November 1810: The vanguard of the Army of the North, led by General Manuel Belgrano, began its march towards Upper Peru through the Quebrada de Humahuaca in October 1810. This marked the beginning of the campaign to liberate the region from Spanish colonial rule.
November 1810: At the end October, having organized its forces into 4 divisions, and counting the Paraguayan José Machain as sergeant major in its ranks, the Argentinian army advanced northwards through the center of the province of Entre Ríos, avoiding crossing waterways.
November 1810: Juan Ángel Michelena was a Spanish military officer who led the royalist forces in the region during the Argentine War of Independence. Concepción del Uruguay was a strategic town in the Entre Ríos Province of modern-day Argentina, which was part of Spanish America at the time.
November 1810: Battle of Suipacha.
November 1810: The outcome of the Battle of Suipacha, where the revolutionary forces led by Juan José Castelli defeated the royalist army, boosted the morale of the revolutionaries in Potosí. This led to the deposition of the governor Francisco de Paula Sanz on November 10, 1810.
November 1810: General José Manuel de Goyeneche, leading the Spanish royalist forces, was defeated by General Pedro Antonio Olañeta in the Battle of Aroma. Goyeneche's forces, including Piérola and Ramírez Orozco, retreated to the Desaguadero River in 1810 during the Bolivian War of Independence.
November 1810: A division of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, led by General José Rondeau, entered La Paz on November 19, 1810.
December 1810: Gualeguaychú and Gualeguay conquered by spain.
December 1810: On December 19, Belgrano crossed the Paraná River with the bulk of the revolutionary army and attacked the fortified position of Campichuelo, from where the royalists withdrew after a brief exchange of blows.
December 1810: The patriots occupied the evacuated village of Itapúa without a fight.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of independence wars by the Spanish colonies in America that started after the French occupation of mainland Spain during the Napoleonic Wars.
1.1.Argentine War of Indipendence
Was the independence war of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (later Argentina) against Spanish rule.
July 1816: The United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata emerged from the May Revolution in 1810 and the Argentine War of Independence of 1810-1818.
1.1.1.Banda Oriental Campaign
Was an argentine military campaign in the Banda Oriental region (the South American territories east of the Uruguay River) during the Argentine War of Indipendence.
April 1811: After a series of skirmishes, the royalists evacuated their positions on the western bank of Uruguay, leaving the region in revolutionary hands by March 1811.
April 1811: The captain of the blandengues orientali José Gervasio Artigas, after having deserted from the garrison of Colonia del Sacramento and having gone to Buenos Aires to offer his service to the junta, had received the task of fomenting and directing the popular uprising against the royalists. Artigas landed on eastern soil on April 9 in command of some troops from Buenos Aires and was recognized as a leader by local patriots.
May 1811: Battle of Las Piedras.
May 1811: The royalists, led by Spanish Governor Francisco Javier de Elío, were besieged by the patriots, led by José Gervasio Artigas and Carlos María de Alvear. The patriots eventually captured Colonia del Sacramento on May 26, 1811, marking a significant victory in the struggle for independence in the region.
May 1811: The area held by the royalists, led by Spanish General José Posadas, was limited to the cities of Montevideo and Colonia del Sacramento. The patriots, led by José Gervasio Artigas, put the two strongholds under siege on 21 and 26 May 1811 respectively.
June 1811: At the beginning of June, the royalists evacuated Colonia del Sacramento, which was occupied by the revolutionaries.
October 1811: After a failed attempt to capture Montevideo from Spanish forces, General José Rondeau led the retreat of his army towards Entre Ríos in 1811 during the Spanish American wars of independence. The siege of Montevideo was officially lifted on October 12.
December 1811: On July 20, 1811 an armistice was signed between the First Argentine Triumvirate and the Spanish viceroy Elío. Withdrawal of the revolutionary and Portuguese troops from the Banda Oriental and from the cities of Concepción del Uruguay, Gualeguay and Gualeguaychú, in the territory of Entre Ríos.
January 1812: Declaring the armistice broken, Vigodet reopened hostilities on January 31, 1812. Artigas moved towards Misiones Fernando Otorgués and Fructuoso Rivera, who reconquered the towns of Santo Tomé, Yapeyú and La Cruz.
1.1.1.1.Portuguese Invasion of Banda Oriental
Was a Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental region during the Argentine War of Independence.
August 1811: Portuguese forces defeated 180 or 200 rebels who guarded the town of Mandisoví and took control of it.
September 1811: Brazilian irregular armed bands invaded the villages of Misiones, capturing the commander of Yapeyú, Bernardo Pérez Planes, and shortly after conquering the towns of Belén and Salto Chico.
October 1811: To counter the Portuguese offensive, José Rondeau sent a detachment north of the Río Negro at the beginning of September, which managed to free Mercedes the following month.
October 1811: All the eastern villages of the future state of Uruguay were occupied by Portuguese troops, and on October 14, the Portuguese headquarters was placed in Maldonado.
November 1811: The Portuguese were driven out of Paysandú.
November 1811: In 1811, Elías Galván, a military leader from the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, successfully recaptured the territory of Curuzú Cuatiá.
May 1812: In March, after the arrival of reinforcements from Brazil and supplies from Montevideo, a Portuguese army of 5,000 men moved from Maldonado towards Paysandú, entering it.
September 1812: The government of Buenos Aires ordered Artigas to return to his camp on the Ayuí stream after the signing, on March 26, of the Rademaker-Herrera Treaty, which determined the return of Portuguese troops to Brazil. Once again, Souza did not recognize the agreement, but after a series of clashes he received the order to withdraw from the Banda Oriental by King John VI, an order which he finally carried out on June 13. A few days later, the commander of the Portuguese-occupied portion of Misiones, Francisco das Chagas Santos, attempted to attack La Cruz, which was defended by Corrientes' forces, but withdrew after Galván informed him that hostilities had ceased. On September 13, the armistice was ratified, despite Vigodet's attempts to prevent its application. However, the Portuguese did not return to the pre-invasion borders, maintaining control of the current municipalities of Uruguaiana, Quaraí, Santana do Livramento and Alegrete, and part of those of Rosário do Sul, Dom Pedrito and Bagé.
1.1.2.Paraguayan campaign of Belgrano
Was a military campaign in Paraguay by Argentine leader Manuel Belgrano during the Argentine War of Independence.
January 1811: In 1811, General Manuel Belgrano led his troops from the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata in a challenging march. They achieved a minor triumph at Maracaná, close to the Tebicuary River, during the Paraguayan War of Independence.
January 1811: Belgrano showed up in Paraguay on January 15, 1811.
January 1811: On January 19, the advance of Belgrano's army began the battle of Paraguarí. Despite the numerical disadvantage, 460 men against 6,000, the independentists managed to seize the enemy position. They skidded when the Paraguayans managed to regroup and counterattack, Belgrano was forced to retreat along the route by which he had come, but was not pursued.
March 1811: A few days after the battle of Tacuarí the Argentine army left Paraguay.
April 1811: The failure of Belgrano led to a Paraguayan counterattack, following which the city of Corrientes was overrun and militarily occupied on 7 April.
1.1.3.Royalist reaction in Upper Peru
Was a counterattack by Royalist troops against Argentina in the region of Upper Peru (Bolivia) during the Argentine War of Independence.
April 1811: A royalist counter-revolution broke out in Potosí.
June 1811: Battle of Huaqui: fought as part of the Spanish-American wars of independence, it was an armed confrontation fought between an army set up by the junta installed in Buenos Aires following the May Revolution and the forces loyal to the Crown of Spain who remained loyal to the Viceroy of Peru . Following it, the patriot army was forced to hastily abandon the entire territory of Upper Peru.
June 1811: In 1811, the natives of Omasuyos, Pacajes, and Larecaja in Bolivia were incited to revolt by Pedro Domingo Murillo and other revolutionary leaders. They rejected the royalist restoration and joined the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata in their fight for independence.
August 1811: In early August 1811, the indigenous forces of Juan Manuel Cáceres, a former lieutenant of Túpac Catari in the 1780 rebellion, occupied and burned the city of La Paz in present-day Bolivia.
August 1811: Rivero, beaten by Ramírez Orozco on August 13 in the battle of Sipe Sipe, realizing the futility of all his resistance and listening to the request for peace from the inhabitants of Cochabamba, urged an end to hostilities, handed over his troops and was incorporated into the royalist army. Cochabamba was peacefully occupied by Goyeneche.
1.1.4.Upper Peru Front
Was the theatre of war in Upper Peru (corresponding to modern-day Bolivia) during the Argentine War of Indipendence.
October 1811: The troops of the city of La Paz, led by General Pedro Domingo Murillo, defeated the 1,200 men of Colonel Jerónimo Marrón de Lombera on 6 October 1811 at Sica Sica, during the Bolivian War of Independence.
October 1811: Oruro, a city in present-day Bolivia, declared its support for the revolutionaries.
November 1811: In 1811, during the Bolivian War of Independence, Colonels Benavente and Lombera led Spanish forces to take control of La Paz, despite a small victory by the independentists at Tiquina. This event marked a setback for the independence movement in Spanish America.
January 1812: The forces of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata managed to take the village of Chayanta.
January 1812: Lieutenant Colonel Martín Miguel de Güemes, a prominent military leader in the Argentine War of Independence, was sent by General Manuel Belgrano to recover Tarija from Spanish forces. He successfully achieved this on 18 January 1812.
May 1812: In 1812, General Eustaquio Méndez led the royalist army to victory in the battle of Pocona against General Manuel Ascencio Padilla, who was fighting for the independence of Spanish America. The defeat of Padilla's forces allowed the royalists to advance towards the city.
May 1812: Cochabamba again fell into royalist hands.
August 1812: On August 23, the civilian population and the Argentine army left San Salvador de Jujuy, which was shortly after occupied by the royalists.
September 1812: Salta fell into the hands of a royalist battalion.
February 1813: The battle of Salta in 1813 was a key victory for the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, led by General Manuel Belgrano. The surrender of Spanish royalist forces, commanded by General Pio Tristán, marked a significant turning point in the Argentine War of Independence.
March 1813: Spanish royalist General Goyeneche evacuated Potosí, a city in present-day Bolivia, and retreated to Oruro.
March 1813: Spanish general Ramírez Orozco, abandoned Chuquisaca.
March 1813: The Argentinian Northern Army occupied Tupiza during its advance.
April 1813: In 1813, during the Latin American Wars of Independence, both Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Cochabamba declared their support for the independence movement led by General Manuel Belgrano of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata. This marked a significant step towards breaking away from Spanish colonial rule in the region.
November 1813: Battle of Ayohuma: Royalist victory. Northern Army retreat to Jujuy.
1.1.4.1.Third Upper Peru Campaign
Was an Argentine military campaign in Upper Peru (corresponding to modern-day Bolivia) during the Argentine War of Indipendence.
December 1815: In 1815, Chuquisaca was occupied by the leaders of the two republics of La Laguna and Vallegrande, José Miguel Lanza (Padilla) and Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales. The territory then went to the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata.
December 1815: General Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales, a prominent military leader in the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, seized Cochabamba in 1815 during the War of Independence in South America. Cochabamba was a strategic location in the fight against Spanish colonial rule.
January 1816: After the Battle of Sipe on November 29, the Spanish occupied all the cities of Upper Peru during the month of December, except Santa Cruz de la Sierra.
April 1816: Tarija fell into the hands of the royalists.
May 1816: In 1816, in Cinti, Vicente Camargo, a leader of the Repubblichetta di Cinti, was killed after suffering three defeats in March and April. This marked the end of the short-lived independent republic in the region, which was part of Spanish America at the time.
1.1.5.Revolt in Patagonia (1814)
Was a revolt in Patagonia during the Argentine War of Independence.
May 1812: In April 1812, a rebellion that broke out in the isolated fort of Carmen de Patagones, in Patagonia, led by Faustino Ansay, a prisoner in the locality after he had been deposed from his duties in Mendoza, allowed the royalists to take possession of the port.
December 1814: In 1814, the city of Carmen de Patagones was officially incorporated into the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata.
1.1.6.Uruguay Front
Was an Argentine military campaign in Uruguay during the Argentine War of Indipendence.
October 1812: The Patriot army again laid siege to Montevideo.
March 1814: In rapid succession, the territories of Corrientes and Misiones, with the villages of the interior of the Banda Oriental, declared themselves in favor of the federalism advocated by Artigas.
May 1814: Alvear, a military leader and politician from the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, occupied Montevideo on May 23, 1814.
1.1.7.Guerra Gaucha
Was a series of battles and guerrila actions between Spanish Royalist troops and Argentine troops in the Salta del Tucumán area of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata during the Argentine War of Independence. .
May 1814: Antonio José de Sucre and Simón Bolívar, achieved a great victory in the battle of La Florida against Spanish forces. Following their success, they were able to take control of Cochabamba.
May 1814: In 1814, General Juan Ramírez de Orozco, a Spanish royalist military leader, occupied the city of Salta in present-day Argentina during the Argentine War of Independence. Salta was part of the Spanish America territory at the time.
May 1814: On May 27, 1814, Spanish General Joaquín de la Pezuela entered Jujuy, a province in present-day Argentina. This event marked the beginning of the Spanish reconquest of the region during the Argentine War of Independence.
August 1814: General José de San Martín, leader of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, ordered Martín Miguel de Güemes to organize guerilla actions against the Spanish forces in the region. Güemes' gauchos successfully disrupted the Spanish advance, leading to the withdrawal of General Joaquín de la Pezuela's army from Jujuy in 1814.
January 1817: General Manuel Belgrano entered Jujuy on 6 January 1817 during the Argentine War of Independence. Belgrano was a key military leader in the struggle for independence from Spanish rule in South America.
April 1817: After failing to consolidate his positions and after receiving increasingly certain news of the triumph of General José de San Martín in Chile, Viceroy José de la Serna abandoned Salta and Jujuy in March 1817, retreating to Tupiza.
January 1818: On January 14, 1818, Spanish forces occupied Jujuy.
January 1818: After the Battle of Suipacha in 1818, General Manuel Belgrano evacuated the city of Jujuy and retreated to Yavi, in present-day Argentina. Belgrano was a key military leader in the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata during the Argentine War of Independence.
March 1819: On March 26, the Spanish occupied San Salvador de Jujuy.
March 1819: The Spanish evacuated the city of Jujuy, retreating to Yavi.
May 1820: Ramírez Orozco was a Spanish military leader who took command of the Spanish forces in Upper Peru. Jujuy was a province in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, located in present-day Argentina. The occupation of Jujuy was part of the Spanish efforts to maintain control over their territories in South America during the wars of independence.
May 1820: In 1820, General José de San Martín led the Argentine forces in the successful taking of Salta, a key city in the fight for independence from Spanish rule. This victory allowed them to advance further into Spanish America, reaching the Pasaje river.
July 1820: Compelled by the forces of the patriots, on July 14 Spanish royalist general Pedro Antonio Olañeta signed an armistice and withdrew to Upper Peru.
July 1822: The last royalist incursion into Argentine territory was made in June 1822 by General Pedro Antonio Olañeta, a loyalist to the Spanish crown. He arrived at Volcán, a few kilometers north of Jujuy, during the ongoing Argentine War of Independence.
December 1822: Volcán conquered by Argentina.
1.1.8.Civil War in Urugay
Was a a cil war in Uruguay, at the time part of the Río de la Plata Provinces.
July 1814: Despite his promise to return the city to Artigas' men, Alvear attacked his lieutenants, thus reigniting the civil war.
January 1815: In January of the following year, following the victory of Artigas's troops in the battle of Guayabos, Alvear agreed to peace and left the control of the Eastern Province to his adversary.
1.1.9.Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental
Was a Portuguese military campaign during the Argentine War of Independence that resulted in the Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental region (Uruguay).
August 1816: Hostilities began on August 28, when the vanguard of the army of Carlos Frederico Lecor, under the command of Marshal Sebastião Pinto de Araújo Correia, occupied the fortress of Santa Teresa.
September 1816: The Luso-Brazilian vanguard, commanded by Sebastião Pinto de Araújo Correia, occupied the city of Castillos.
September 1816: Guazurary besieged San Borja.
October 1816: The Luso-Brazilian forces of Chagas, aided by the arrival of Abreu, defeated him in what was called the Battle of San Borja, forcing him to retreat to the western bank of Uruguay as well.
January 1817: The following day, Latorre attacked Alegrete, engaging him in the battle of Catalán; after an initial phase favorable to the Orientals, the arrival of Abreu's cavalry delivered victory to the Portuguese.
February 1817: Over a period of two months, Chagas subjected villages on both sides of Uruguay to a regime of terror.
July 1817: On July 2 Guazurary arrived to help the local militias, defeating the Portuguese in the battle of Apóstoles, forcing them to retreat outside of Misiones.
January 1818: Lecor took the city of Maldonado.
January 1818: The Portuguese took possession of Montevideo.
November 1818: Almost two years after the start of the invasion of Banda oriental, the Portuguese general finally managed to unite his forces with those of Curado, consolidating his power south of the Río Negro and occupying Colonia del Sacramento, the coastal ports and the entire eastern area. Artigas was left with sole control of the depopulated northern portion of the Banda Oriental.
April 1819: Argentine forces reached the village of San Nicolás, where they established headquarters.
June 1819: Battle of Itacurubi. Portuguese forces iccupy San Nicolás and the old jesuite reduciones.
Was a war between the Argentine and Peru-Bolivian confederations over border disputes.
September 1837: The operations began in August 1837 when Bolivian confederate troops invaded most of the Province of Jujuy, the Puna de Jujuy and the north of the Province of Salta.
April 1839: After the end of the Bolivian Confederation, Bolivia gave the occupied territories back and argentina recognized the bolivian right over the tarija territory.
A series of armed conflicts between the leaders of Uruguayan independence.
December 1842: On December 6, 1842, the Blancos defeated Rivera's forces at the Battle of Arroyo Grande. The capital Montevideo was besieged by Oribe's troops, but remained the seat of government of the Colorados. Oribe set up a counter-government in Cerrito de la Victoria which controlled almost the rest of the country.
Was a war fought between the Argentine Confederation and an alliance consisting of the Empire of Brazil, Uruguay, and the Argentine provinces of Entre Ríos and Corrientes, with the participation of the Republic of Paraguay as Brazil's co-belligerent and ally. The war was caused by disputes over the Platine region between Brazil and Argentina.
4.1.Allied invasion of Uruguay (Platine War)
Was the invasion of Uruguay by an alliance of countries led by Brazil during the Platine War.
October 1851: Professional soldiers across the border between Rio Grande do Sul and Uruguay on 4 September 1851. .
October 1851: Uruguayan leader Oribe surrendered to the Argentine troops.
December 1851: The Brazilian army easily took the remaining Blanco Uruguayan territory.
4.2.Allied invasion of Argentina
Was the invasion of Argentina by an alliance of countries led by Brazil during the Platine War.
January 1852: From Diamante contingents were ferried to the other side of the Paraná River, landing at Santa Fé.
January 1852: At the Battle of Alvarez Field the Allied vanguard defeated a force of 4,000 Argentines.
February 1852: The Allied troops encamped approximately nine kilometers from Buenos Aires.
February 1852: The Battle of Caseros resulted in a decisive victory for the Allies.
Was an Argentine military campaign directed mainly by General Julio Argentino Roca in the 1870s with the intention of establishing dominance over the Patagonian Desert, inhabited primarily by indigenous peoples.
January 1852: Argentinian conquests in Patagonia.
January 1858: Argentinian conquests in Patagonia.
January 1868: Argentinian conquests in Patagonia.
January 1877: Alsina Campaign.
January 1879: Military campaign led by General Julio Argentino Roca in 1878 in Patagonia, Argentina. The campaign aimed to conquer indigenous territories and expand the Argentine Republic's control over the region.
January 1880: Military campaign led by General Julio Argentino Roca in 1878 in Patagonia, Argentina. The campaign aimed to conquer indigenous territories and expand the Argentine Republic's control over the region.
January 1882: Villegas Campaign.
Was a war between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay. The war began due to disputes over areas in the Platine region. Paraguay was militarly occupied by the Triple Alliance and lost around 30% of its territory to Argentina and Brazil.
6.1.Corrientes Campaign
Was the Paraguayan invasion of Corrientes during the Paraguayan War.
April 1865: On April 13, 1865, a Paraguayan flotilla of 5 ships (Tacuarí, Paraguarí, Marques de Olinda, Ygurey and Ypora) under the command of Pedro Ignacio Meza went down the Paraná River until they reached the port of the city of Corrientes, where they captured two ships that the 25 de Mayo and Gualeguay were under repair. The following day, a contingent of 3,000 men led by General Wenceslao Robles, transported by river, landed in the port and occupied the city without encountering resistance.
April 1865: Paraguayan, occupy Bella Vista, Empedrado, Santa Lucía and Goya in sequence.
May 1865: On May 5, a group of 2,500 soldiers under the command of Major Pedro Duarte detached from the column and occupied the city of Santo Tomé.
May 1865: On May 25, an Argentine squad made up of 725 soldiers, commanded by General Wenceslao Paunero, landed by surprise in Corrientes; after a hard house-to-house fight, the defeated Paraguayans withdrew from the city towards nearby Empedrado.
November 1865: Paraguayan military leader Francisco Isidoro Resquín carried out the withdrawal operations towards the northern bank of the Paraná throughout the month of October, which ended on 4 November.
6.2.Machaín-Irigoyen Treaty
Was a treaty that ended the Paraguayan War between Paraguay and Argentina, with large territorial cessions from Paraguay to Argentina.
February 1876: The Machain - Irigoyen Treaty was a border treaty signed in Buenos Aires on 3 February 1876 between Paraguay and Argentina. Concluded in the aftermath of the Paraguayan War, it was signed by Facundo Machaín and Bernardo de Irigoyen.
Was a war between the United Kingdom and Argentina over the Falkland, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, all British overseas territories. Argentina, that claims the ownership of the islands, invaded and occupied it in April 1982. The United Kingdom launched a military offensive shortly after, regaining control of the islands.
7.1.Argentine Invasionof the Falklands
Invasion of the Falkland Islands by Argentine forces at the beginning of the Falklands War.
April 1982: Argentinian invasion of the Falkland Islands.
April 1982: Argentine invasion of South Georgia.
7.2.British Reconquest of the Falklands
British reconquest of the Falkland, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands from Argentine forces during the Falklands War.
April 1982: Operation Paraquet was the code name for the British military operation to recapture the island of South Georgia from Argentine military.
May 1982: During the night of 21 May, the British Amphibious Task Group under the command of Commodore Michael Clapp (Commodore, Amphibious Warfare - COMAW) mounted Operation Sutton, the amphibious landing on beaches around San Carlos Water.
May 1982: From early on 27 May until 28 May, 2 Para (approximately 500 men), with naval gunfire support from HMS Arrow and artillery support from 8 Commando Battery, Royal Artillery, approached and attacked Darwin and Goose Green, which was held by the Argentine 12th Infantry Regiment. After a tough struggle that lasted all night and into the next day, the British won the battle.
May 1982: In 1982, during the Falklands War, a skirmish took place at Top Malo House on Mount Simon between British forces led by Lieutenant Colonel H. Jones and Argentine forces. Lieutenant Colonel Jones was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for his bravery in this battle.
June 1982: On the night of 11 June, after several days of painstaking reconnaissance and logistic build-up, British forces launched a brigade-sized night attack against the heavily defended ring of high ground surrounding Stanley.
June 1982: The commander of the Argentine garrison in Stanley, Brigade General Mario Menéndez, surrendered to British Major General Jeremy Moore, ending the British reconquest of the Falkland Islands.
June 1982: The British retook the South Sandwich Islands.
January 1812: Amid the British invasions of the Río de la Plata during the Napoleonic Wars in Europe, the Spanish governor of the Falkland Islands evacuated the archipelago in 1806; Spain's remaining colonial garrison followed suit in 1811, except for gauchos and fishermen who remained voluntarily.
September 1820: The Republic of Entre Ríos or the Federal Republic of Entre Riana was a short-lived de facto independent provincial state within the United Provinces of Río de la Plata. It was founded by Francisco Ramírez on September 29, 1820.
September 1821: Disappearing shortly after his death on July 10, 1821. When on September 28 of that year Lucio Norberto Mansilla was elected governor of the province of Entre Ríos , the Republic of Entre Ríos was dissolved.
August 1825: In 1825, the region of Tarija declared its independence from the United Provinces of the River Plate. This territory was then incorporated into the Republic of Bolivia, under the leadership of Simón Bolívar and Antonio José de Sucre.
August 1825: Uruguay broke away from Brazil on August 25, 1825, after numerous previous revolts. Independent Uruguay formed a regional federation with the United Provinces of Río de la Plata, today's Argentina: it was an annexation.
January 1827: Modern-day Uruguay is ccupied by Brasil in 1826.
January 1831: Federal Pact 4 January 1831.
January 1833: The British occupied the Falkland islands by expelling the Argentine military and their designated commander, José María Pinedo. They also declared their sovereignty over the whole archipelago, also occupying and claiming sovereignty over the South Georgia Islands and the South Sandwich Islands, which were uninhabited.
January 1839: In 1838 Paraguay occupied Misiones, claiming the area on the basis that the Misiones population consisted of indigenous Guarani, the major ethnic group of Paraguay.
January 1840: The regiones of Misiones is occupied by the Argentine army.
September 1852: The State of Buenos Aires (Estado de Buenos Ayres) was a secessionist republic resulting from the overthrow of the Argentine Confederation government in the Province of Buenos Aires on September 11, 1852.
November 1860: The Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia was an unrecognized state proclaimed on November 17, 1860 by a decree of Orélie-Antoine de Tounens, a French lawyer and adventurer who claimed that the regions of Araucanía and eastern Patagonia did not need to depend on any other states.
December 1861: Buenos Aires rejoined the Argentine Confederation after the former's victory at the Battle of Pavón in 1861.
December 1861: Establishment of the Argentine Republic.
January 1862: On January 5, 1862 the Chilean authorities arrested the self-declared king of Araucanía and Patagonia Antoine de Tounens, who was imprisoned and declared insane on September 2, 1862 by the court of Santiago. He was expelled to France on October 28, 1862. He later tried to return to Araucania to reclaim his "kingdom" without success.
January 1894: The Quirno Costa-Vaca Guzmán Treaty was a secret treaty between Argentina and Bolivia signed in Buenos Aires through the Argentine minister Norberto Quirno Costa and the Bolivian envoy Santiago Vaca Guzmán. This treaty stipulated the Argentine renunciation of its historical claims on Tarija in exchange for the cession by Bolivia of part of the Puna de Atacama to Argentina, from the Quebrada del Diablo to the north along the eastern slope of the Andes. It remained unratified until 1893.
October 1898: The borders of Brazil with Argentina are defined by the 1898 Treaty (which is based on the Arbitration Award of 1895 ), issued by the President of the United States Grover Cleveland.
January 1900: On November 2, 1898, Argentina and Chile signed two documents where they decided to convene a conference to define the border in Buenos Aires with delegates of both countries. If there was no accord, a Chilean and Argentine delegate and the United States minister to Argentina, William Buchanan, would decide. As foreseen, there was no accord at the conference and Buchanan proceeded with Chilean delegate Enrique Mac Iver and Argentine José Evaristo Uriburu to define the border. Of the 75,000 km2 high plateau of Puna de Atacama in dispute, 64,000 (85%) were awarded to Argentina and 11,000 (15%) to Chile.
January 1955: During this time, Argentina was under the leadership of President Juan Domingo Perón. Teniente Esquivel was named after Argentine naval aviator Vice-Commodore Gustavo Argentino Marambio Esquivel. The station was established as part of Argentina's Antarctic research efforts.
January 1957: From 25 January 1955 to mid-1956, Argentina maintained the summer station Teniente Esquivel at Ferguson Bay on the southeastern coast of Thule Island in the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. This station was part of Argentina's efforts to establish a presence in the region during that time.
January 1977: Argentina maintained a naval base (Corbeta Uruguay) from 1976 to 1982, in the lee (southern east coast) of the same island.
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