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Was the independence war of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (later Argentina) against Spanish rule.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
July 1810: The cities of Upper Peru did not have occasion to pronounce themselves before their own governments did so in a negative sense. The only case in the city region that joined the Revolution was that of Tarija, which also elected its own deputy.
September 1810: In August 1810, the chaplain José Andrés de Salvatierra led a revolt in the Fort of Membiray against Spanish colonial rule. On September 24, he successfully took control of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, a significant event in the struggle for independence in the region.
October 1810: The royalists abandoned Tupiza and fell back to Cotagaita.
November 1810: Battle of Suipacha.
November 1810: A division of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, led by General José Rondeau, entered La Paz on November 19, 1810.
July 1810: The circular of May 27 was addressed to all the cities and municipalities of the viceroyalty. The cities of the interior located on the territory of the future Argentina recognized the new junta, including the cities of Mendoza and Salta.
September 1810: The cabildo of La Rioja, led by Governor Brizuela, hesitated to support the Junta until 1 September 1810. This delay was due to conflicting loyalties and uncertainty about the political situation in the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata.
November 1810: The vanguard of the Army of the North, led by General Manuel Belgrano, began its march towards Upper Peru through the Quebrada de Humahuaca in October 1810. This marked the beginning of the campaign to liberate the region from Spanish colonial rule.
November 1810: General José Manuel de Goyeneche, leading the Spanish royalist forces, was defeated by General Pedro Antonio Olañeta in the Battle of Aroma. Goyeneche's forces, including Piérola and Ramírez Orozco, retreated to the Desaguadero River in 1810 during the Bolivian War of Independence.
May 1810: The May Revolution led on May 25, 1810 to the formation of the First Government Junta, presided over by a Creole, Cornelio Saavedra, who claimed to impose his authority over the entire Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata as the legitimate successor of the viceroy.
August 1810: Royalist troops deserted en masse, forcing their leaders to continue their flight with a meager escort, until they were captured one by one between 6 and 7 August and taken back to Córdoba. On August 10, the bulk of the army arrived in the city and the cabildo recognized the junta and the new governor de Pueyrredón.
July 1816: The United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata emerged from the May Revolution in 1810 and the Argentine War of Independence of 1810-1818.
June 1810: The city of Mendoza rebelled gainst Spain and joined the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata.
July 1810: In 1810, San Juan recognized the junta (government) of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata.
August 1810: In 1810, the cities of San José de Jáchal and San Agustín de Valle Fértil in Argentina decided to join the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata.
October 1810: Oruro, by means of a coup d'état, joined the junta of Buenos Aires.
November 1810: The outcome of the Battle of Suipacha, where the revolutionary forces led by Juan José Castelli defeated the royalist army, boosted the morale of the revolutionaries in Potosí. This led to the deposition of the governor Francisco de Paula Sanz on November 10, 1810.
July 1810: The city of San Luis, located in present-day Argentina, recognized the Junta, a revolutionary government established in Buenos Aires, as soon as news of its constitution arrived in 1810. This marked the city's support for the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata's independence movement.
Was an argentine military campaign in the Banda Oriental region (the South American territories east of the Uruguay River) during the Argentine War of Indipendence.
October 1810: On October 9, General Gaspar de Vigodet gave the naval officer Juan Ángel Michelena the task of occupying the banks of the Uruguay River, forcing the authorities of the villages located on them, including the city of Concepción del Uruguay (occupied on November 6) ,.
April 1811: After a series of skirmishes, the royalists evacuated their positions on the western bank of Uruguay, leaving the region in revolutionary hands by March 1811.
May 1811: Battle of Las Piedras.
January 1812: Declaring the armistice broken, Vigodet reopened hostilities on January 31, 1812. Artigas moved towards Misiones Fernando Otorgués and Fructuoso Rivera, who reconquered the towns of Santo Tomé, Yapeyú and La Cruz.
December 1811: On July 20, 1811 an armistice was signed between the First Argentine Triumvirate and the Spanish viceroy Elío. Withdrawal of the revolutionary and Portuguese troops from the Banda Oriental and from the cities of Concepción del Uruguay, Gualeguay and Gualeguaychú, in the territory of Entre Ríos.
May 1811: The royalists, led by Spanish Governor Francisco Javier de Elío, were besieged by the patriots, led by José Gervasio Artigas and Carlos María de Alvear. The patriots eventually captured Colonia del Sacramento on May 26, 1811, marking a significant victory in the struggle for independence in the region.
December 1810: Gualeguaychú and Gualeguay conquered by spain.
February 1811: On February 28, near the Asencio stream, the commander Ramón Fernández launched his opposition, the so-called Grito de Asencio (in Italian Grido di Asencio), signaling an armed uprising against Elío's authority. Local farmers and gauchos joined him, forming irregular troops, which began a series of clashes against troops loyal to Spain.
April 1811: The captain of the blandengues orientali José Gervasio Artigas, after having deserted from the garrison of Colonia del Sacramento and having gone to Buenos Aires to offer his service to the junta, had received the task of fomenting and directing the popular uprising against the royalists. Artigas landed on eastern soil on April 9 in command of some troops from Buenos Aires and was recognized as a leader by local patriots.
May 1811: The area held by the royalists, led by Spanish General José Posadas, was limited to the cities of Montevideo and Colonia del Sacramento. The patriots, led by José Gervasio Artigas, put the two strongholds under siege on 21 and 26 May 1811 respectively.
June 1811: At the beginning of June, the royalists evacuated Colonia del Sacramento, which was occupied by the revolutionaries.
October 1811: After a failed attempt to capture Montevideo from Spanish forces, General José Rondeau led the retreat of his army towards Entre Ríos in 1811 during the Spanish American wars of independence. The siege of Montevideo was officially lifted on October 12.
1.1.Portuguese Invasion of Banda Oriental
Was a Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental region during the Argentine War of Independence.
July 1811: Portuguese forces crossed the border with Spanish America and reached Melo the same day.
September 1811: On 1 September Paysandú was occupied by Portuguese forces.
October 1811: The Portuguese captured several Orientais and hundreds of horses in the town of Rocha, in Castillos Lagoon and in Castillo Grande.
November 1811: In 1811, Elías Galván, a military leader from the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, successfully recaptured the territory of Curuzú Cuatiá.
September 1811: Brazilian irregular armed bands invaded the villages of Misiones, capturing the commander of Yapeyú, Bernardo Pérez Planes, and shortly after conquering the towns of Belén and Salto Chico.
May 1812: In March, after the arrival of reinforcements from Brazil and supplies from Montevideo, a Portuguese army of 5,000 men moved from Maldonado towards Paysandú, entering it.
August 1811: Portuguese forces defeated 180 or 200 rebels who guarded the town of Mandisoví and took control of it.
October 1811: To counter the Portuguese offensive, José Rondeau sent a detachment north of the Río Negro at the beginning of September, which managed to free Mercedes the following month.
November 1811: The Portuguese were driven out of Paysandú.
November 1811: From Mandisoví the Portuguese forces occupied Curuzú Cuatiá.
August 1811: In 1811, Portuguese Sergeant major Manuel dos Santos Pedroso led a force to occupy Belén in the Banda Oriental, which is now Uruguay. This military occupation was part of Portugal's efforts to expand its territory in South America.
September 1812: The government of Buenos Aires ordered Artigas to return to his camp on the Ayuí stream after the signing, on March 26, of the Rademaker-Herrera Treaty, which determined the return of Portuguese troops to Brazil. Once again, Souza did not recognize the agreement, but after a series of clashes he received the order to withdraw from the Banda Oriental by King John VI, an order which he finally carried out on June 13. A few days later, the commander of the Portuguese-occupied portion of Misiones, Francisco das Chagas Santos, attempted to attack La Cruz, which was defended by Corrientes' forces, but withdrew after Galván informed him that hostilities had ceased. On September 13, the armistice was ratified, despite Vigodet's attempts to prevent its application. However, the Portuguese did not return to the pre-invasion borders, maintaining control of the current municipalities of Uruguaiana, Quaraí, Santana do Livramento and Alegrete, and part of those of Rosário do Sul, Dom Pedrito and Bagé.
October 1811: All the eastern villages of the future state of Uruguay were occupied by Portuguese troops, and on October 14, the Portuguese headquarters was placed in Maldonado.
Was a military campaign in Paraguay by Argentine leader Manuel Belgrano during the Argentine War of Independence.
November 1810: At the end October, having organized its forces into 4 divisions, and counting the Paraguayan José Machain as sergeant major in its ranks, the Argentinian army advanced northwards through the center of the province of Entre Ríos, avoiding crossing waterways.
November 1810: Juan Ángel Michelena was a Spanish military officer who led the royalist forces in the region during the Argentine War of Independence. Concepción del Uruguay was a strategic town in the Entre Ríos Province of modern-day Argentina, which was part of Spanish America at the time.
December 1810: The patriots occupied the evacuated village of Itapúa without a fight.
January 1811: Belgrano showed up in Paraguay on January 15, 1811.
January 1811: On January 19, the advance of Belgrano's army began the battle of Paraguarí. Despite the numerical disadvantage, 460 men against 6,000, the independentists managed to seize the enemy position. They skidded when the Paraguayans managed to regroup and counterattack, Belgrano was forced to retreat along the route by which he had come, but was not pursued.
March 1811: A few days after the battle of Tacuarí the Argentine army left Paraguay.
December 1810: On December 19, Belgrano crossed the Paraná River with the bulk of the revolutionary army and attacked the fortified position of Campichuelo, from where the royalists withdrew after a brief exchange of blows.
January 1811: In 1811, General Manuel Belgrano led his troops from the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata in a challenging march. They achieved a minor triumph at Maracaná, close to the Tebicuary River, during the Paraguayan War of Independence.
April 1811: The failure of Belgrano led to a Paraguayan counterattack, following which the city of Corrientes was overrun and militarily occupied on 7 April.
Was a counterattack by Royalist troops against Argentina in the region of Upper Peru (Bolivia) during the Argentine War of Independence.
August 1811: Rivero, beaten by Ramírez Orozco on August 13 in the battle of Sipe Sipe, realizing the futility of all his resistance and listening to the request for peace from the inhabitants of Cochabamba, urged an end to hostilities, handed over his troops and was incorporated into the royalist army. Cochabamba was peacefully occupied by Goyeneche.
April 1811: A royalist counter-revolution broke out in Potosí.
June 1811: Battle of Huaqui: fought as part of the Spanish-American wars of independence, it was an armed confrontation fought between an army set up by the junta installed in Buenos Aires following the May Revolution and the forces loyal to the Crown of Spain who remained loyal to the Viceroy of Peru . Following it, the patriot army was forced to hastily abandon the entire territory of Upper Peru.
June 1811: In 1811, the natives of Omasuyos, Pacajes, and Larecaja in Bolivia were incited to revolt by Pedro Domingo Murillo and other revolutionary leaders. They rejected the royalist restoration and joined the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata in their fight for independence.
August 1811: In early August 1811, the indigenous forces of Juan Manuel Cáceres, a former lieutenant of Túpac Catari in the 1780 rebellion, occupied and burned the city of La Paz in present-day Bolivia.
Was the theatre of war in Upper Peru (corresponding to modern-day Bolivia) during the Argentine War of Indipendence.
October 1811: The troops of the city of La Paz, led by General Pedro Domingo Murillo, defeated the 1,200 men of Colonel Jerónimo Marrón de Lombera on 6 October 1811 at Sica Sica, during the Bolivian War of Independence.
October 1811: Oruro, a city in present-day Bolivia, declared its support for the revolutionaries.
November 1811: In 1811, during the Bolivian War of Independence, Colonels Benavente and Lombera led Spanish forces to take control of La Paz, despite a small victory by the independentists at Tiquina. This event marked a setback for the independence movement in Spanish America.
January 1812: The forces of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata managed to take the village of Chayanta.
January 1812: Lieutenant Colonel Martín Miguel de Güemes, a prominent military leader in the Argentine War of Independence, was sent by General Manuel Belgrano to recover Tarija from Spanish forces. He successfully achieved this on 18 January 1812.
August 1812: On August 23, the civilian population and the Argentine army left San Salvador de Jujuy, which was shortly after occupied by the royalists.
April 1813: In 1813, during the Latin American Wars of Independence, both Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Cochabamba declared their support for the independence movement led by General Manuel Belgrano of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata. This marked a significant step towards breaking away from Spanish colonial rule in the region.
September 1812: Salta fell into the hands of a royalist battalion.
February 1813: The battle of Salta in 1813 was a key victory for the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, led by General Manuel Belgrano. The surrender of Spanish royalist forces, commanded by General Pio Tristán, marked a significant turning point in the Argentine War of Independence.
March 1813: Spanish general Ramírez Orozco, abandoned Chuquisaca.
November 1813: Battle of Ayohuma: Royalist victory. Northern Army retreat to Jujuy.
March 1813: The Argentinian Northern Army occupied Tupiza during its advance.
May 1812: Cochabamba again fell into royalist hands.
March 1813: Spanish royalist General Goyeneche evacuated Potosí, a city in present-day Bolivia, and retreated to Oruro.
May 1812: In 1812, General Eustaquio Méndez led the royalist army to victory in the battle of Pocona against General Manuel Ascencio Padilla, who was fighting for the independence of Spanish America. The defeat of Padilla's forces allowed the royalists to advance towards the city.
4.1.Third Upper Peru Campaign
Was an Argentine military campaign in Upper Peru (corresponding to modern-day Bolivia) during the Argentine War of Indipendence.
January 1816: After the Battle of Sipe on November 29, the Spanish occupied all the cities of Upper Peru during the month of December, except Santa Cruz de la Sierra.
December 1815: In 1815, Chuquisaca was occupied by the leaders of the two republics of La Laguna and Vallegrande, José Miguel Lanza (Padilla) and Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales. The territory then went to the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata.
May 1816: In 1816, in Cinti, Vicente Camargo, a leader of the Repubblichetta di Cinti, was killed after suffering three defeats in March and April. This marked the end of the short-lived independent republic in the region, which was part of Spanish America at the time.
December 1815: General Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales, a prominent military leader in the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, seized Cochabamba in 1815 during the War of Independence in South America. Cochabamba was a strategic location in the fight against Spanish colonial rule.
April 1816: Tarija fell into the hands of the royalists.
Was a revolt in Patagonia during the Argentine War of Independence.
May 1812: In April 1812, a rebellion that broke out in the isolated fort of Carmen de Patagones, in Patagonia, led by Faustino Ansay, a prisoner in the locality after he had been deposed from his duties in Mendoza, allowed the royalists to take possession of the port.
December 1814: In 1814, the city of Carmen de Patagones was officially incorporated into the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata.
Was an Argentine military campaign in Uruguay during the Argentine War of Indipendence.
May 1814: Alvear, a military leader and politician from the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, occupied Montevideo on May 23, 1814.
October 1812: The Patriot army again laid siege to Montevideo.
March 1814: In rapid succession, the territories of Corrientes and Misiones, with the villages of the interior of the Banda Oriental, declared themselves in favor of the federalism advocated by Artigas.
Was a series of battles and guerrila actions between Spanish Royalist troops and Argentine troops in the Salta del Tucumán area of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata during the Argentine War of Independence. .
May 1814: Antonio José de Sucre and Simón Bolívar, achieved a great victory in the battle of La Florida against Spanish forces. Following their success, they were able to take control of Cochabamba.
May 1814: On May 27, 1814, Spanish General Joaquín de la Pezuela entered Jujuy, a province in present-day Argentina. This event marked the beginning of the Spanish reconquest of the region during the Argentine War of Independence.
August 1814: General José de San Martín, leader of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, ordered Martín Miguel de Güemes to organize guerilla actions against the Spanish forces in the region. Güemes' gauchos successfully disrupted the Spanish advance, leading to the withdrawal of General Joaquín de la Pezuela's army from Jujuy in 1814.
January 1817: General Manuel Belgrano entered Jujuy on 6 January 1817 during the Argentine War of Independence. Belgrano was a key military leader in the struggle for independence from Spanish rule in South America.
January 1818: On January 14, 1818, Spanish forces occupied Jujuy.
March 1819: On March 26, the Spanish occupied San Salvador de Jujuy.
May 1820: Ramírez Orozco was a Spanish military leader who took command of the Spanish forces in Upper Peru. Jujuy was a province in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, located in present-day Argentina. The occupation of Jujuy was part of the Spanish efforts to maintain control over their territories in South America during the wars of independence.
May 1820: In 1820, General José de San Martín led the Argentine forces in the successful taking of Salta, a key city in the fight for independence from Spanish rule. This victory allowed them to advance further into Spanish America, reaching the Pasaje river.
July 1820: Compelled by the forces of the patriots, on July 14 Spanish royalist general Pedro Antonio Olañeta signed an armistice and withdrew to Upper Peru.
July 1822: The last royalist incursion into Argentine territory was made in June 1822 by General Pedro Antonio Olañeta, a loyalist to the Spanish crown. He arrived at Volcán, a few kilometers north of Jujuy, during the ongoing Argentine War of Independence.
March 1819: The Spanish evacuated the city of Jujuy, retreating to Yavi.
December 1822: Volcán conquered by Argentina.
May 1814: In 1814, General Juan Ramírez de Orozco, a Spanish royalist military leader, occupied the city of Salta in present-day Argentina during the Argentine War of Independence. Salta was part of the Spanish America territory at the time.
April 1817: After failing to consolidate his positions and after receiving increasingly certain news of the triumph of General José de San Martín in Chile, Viceroy José de la Serna abandoned Salta and Jujuy in March 1817, retreating to Tupiza.
January 1818: After the Battle of Suipacha in 1818, General Manuel Belgrano evacuated the city of Jujuy and retreated to Yavi, in present-day Argentina. Belgrano was a key military leader in the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata during the Argentine War of Independence.
Was a a cil war in Uruguay, at the time part of the Río de la Plata Provinces.
January 1815: In January of the following year, following the victory of Artigas's troops in the battle of Guayabos, Alvear agreed to peace and left the control of the Eastern Province to his adversary.
July 1814: Despite his promise to return the city to Artigas' men, Alvear attacked his lieutenants, thus reigniting the civil war.
Was a Portuguese military campaign during the Argentine War of Independence that resulted in the Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental region (Uruguay).
August 1816: Hostilities began on August 28, when the vanguard of the army of Carlos Frederico Lecor, under the command of Marshal Sebastião Pinto de Araújo Correia, occupied the fortress of Santa Teresa.
September 1816: The Luso-Brazilian vanguard, commanded by Sebastião Pinto de Araújo Correia, occupied the city of Castillos.
January 1817: The following day, Latorre attacked Alegrete, engaging him in the battle of Catalán; after an initial phase favorable to the Orientals, the arrival of Abreu's cavalry delivered victory to the Portuguese.
July 1817: On July 2 Guazurary arrived to help the local militias, defeating the Portuguese in the battle of Apóstoles, forcing them to retreat outside of Misiones.
January 1818: The Portuguese took possession of Montevideo.
April 1819: Argentine forces reached the village of San Nicolás, where they established headquarters.
January 1821: Meeting on July 15, 1821, the Cisplatinian Congress asked three days later for the formal accession of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve to the United Kingdom. The Province Cisplatina was eventually incorporated into the Portuguese kingdom.
November 1818: Almost two years after the start of the invasion of Banda oriental, the Portuguese general finally managed to unite his forces with those of Curado, consolidating his power south of the Río Negro and occupying Colonia del Sacramento, the coastal ports and the entire eastern area. Artigas was left with sole control of the depopulated northern portion of the Banda Oriental.
February 1817: Over a period of two months, Chagas subjected villages on both sides of Uruguay to a regime of terror.
September 1816: Guazurary besieged San Borja.
October 1816: The Luso-Brazilian forces of Chagas, aided by the arrival of Abreu, defeated him in what was called the Battle of San Borja, forcing him to retreat to the western bank of Uruguay as well.
June 1819: Battle of Itacurubi. Portuguese forces iccupy San Nicolás and the old jesuite reduciones.
January 1818: Lecor took the city of Maldonado.
Argentine War of Indipendence
