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The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Kingdom of Colchis
Colchis (Rome)
Lazica (Rome)
Establishment
January 1299 BC: In the XIII century BC the Kingdom of Colchis was formed as a result of the constant consolidation of the tribes that inhabited modern-day Georgia.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of expansionistic military campaigns by the first Achaemenid ruler Cyrus the Great.
January 549 BC: The city of Colchis was invaded by Scythians and Cimmerians roughly between 720 and 730 BC. and the kingdom disintegrated into various statelets. Around the middle of the 6th century B.C. these fell under Achaemenid rule.
Were three conflicts fought by Rome against the Kingdom of Pontus and its allies between 88 BC and 63 BC. They are named after Mithridates VI, the King of Pontus during the course of the wars.
2.1.Third Mithridatic War
Was the last and longest of the three Mithridatic Wars, fought between Mithridates VI of Pontus and the Roman Republic. The conflict ended in defeat for Mithridates, ending the Pontic Kingdom, ending the Seleucid Empire (by then a rump state), and also resulting in the Kingdom of Armenia becoming an allied client state of Rome.
January 65 BC: Border corrections due to military occupations and reorganization.
January 64 BC: Establishment of the Kingdom of Lesser Armenia (Roman Vassal).
January 64 BC: The Romans left control of the Lesser Armenia to various client kings.
2.1.1.Caucasian campaign of Pompey
Was a succesful Roman military campaign led by Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus in the Caucasus during the Third Mithridatic War.
January 64 BC: After subduing Iberia, Pompey headed towards the small kingdom of Colchis and subjugated its main stronghold and various local peoples. Pompey gave the rule of Colchis to Aristarches, effectively making it a Roman province, part of Bithynia et Pontus.
Was a military campaign waged by Julius Caesar (at the same time of his war against Pompeius) that lead to the Roman submission of the Kingdom of Pontus.
January 47 BC: Pharnace of Pontus moved to the southeast along the Black Sea coast and without difficulty subjugated Colchis and all of Armenia.
January 47 BC: Pharnace II attempted to reconstitute the kingdom of Pontus by force: during the civil war between Caesar and Pompey, he invaded Asia Minor in 48 BC, conquering Colchis, Armenia Minor, Pontus and Cappadocia, defeating a Roman army in Nicopolis.
August 47 BC: Caesar decisively defeated Pharnaces of Pontus at the Battle of Zela. Pharnaces was killed and Caesar conquered Pontus. In addition, the territories occupied by Pharnaces were freed.
After the death of vassal king Polemon II, Pontus and Colchis were annexed to Rome.
January 65: Client kingdoms of Pontus and Colchis are made into roman provinces.
Were a series of Wars between Rome (first the Roman Republic then the Roman Empire and finally the Eastern Roman Empire) and Persia (the Parthian Empire, and then its successor, the Sasanian Empire). The wars were ended by the early Muslim conquests, which led to the fall of the Sasanian Empire and huge territorial losses for the Byzantine Empire.
5.1.Lazic War
Was a war fought between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Sasanian Empire for control of the ancient Georgian region of Lazica.
January 552: The Sasanids conquered lazica.
January 557: In 556, the Byzantines, led by General Martin, successfully suppressed a rebellion by the Misimiani tribe in Lazica. This victory allowed them to drive out the Persians from the region, consolidating their control over Lazica.
January 749 BC: The Colchians, led by King Egrisi, came to absorb part of the Diauehi people around 750 BC. This marked the expansion of the Kingdom of Colchis into the territory of Diauehi, a region located in present-day Georgia.
January 749 BC: The Colchians, an ancient kingdom located in present-day Georgia, absorbed part of the Diauehi people around 750 BC. Diauehi was a tribal confederation in the southern Caucasus region.
January 731 BC: During the reign of Sarduri II (c. 766/4-735/2 BC), Urartu continued its rise by conquering the country of Qulhi, which is believed to correspond to Colchis. This expansion further solidified Urartu's power and influence in the region.
January 236 BC: Iberian kin Saurmag, Colchis regained its independence.
January 189 BC: The defeat of the Seleucid King Antiochos III by the Romans at Magnesia Sipylus in 190 BC redraws the political map of the Middle East. Under the terms of the Peace of Apamea (188 BC), Antiochus III could no longer intervene north of the Taurus, creating a political vacuum which was immediately filled by new independent kingdoms. From 190 BC. BC, the satrap of Armenia Artaxias, with whom the Carthaginian Hannibal took refuge, founded on his advice the city of Artaxates (south of present-day Yerevan) on the banks of the Araxes, and makes it the capital of a kingdom of Armenia of which he proclaims himself king, with the blessing of the Romans.
January 106 BC: Colchis conquered by Kingdom of Pontus.
August 47 BC: At the end of the Pontic War, the territories conquered by Pharnaces were freed.
January 46 BC: Conquest of Pharnaces II (63 - 47 BC).
January 251: In the first half of the 3rd century there were raids by the Goths, who had conquered the territory of the old Bosporan Empire. They were able to take and plunder Trebizond and Bitschwinta for a short time. As a result, Roman rule in Colchis initially collapsed.
January 542: In 541 Lazica defected to the Persians.
January 548: In 547 when Lazica again switched sides and eventually expelled its Persian garrison with Byzantine help.
Disestablishment
January 563: The Kingdom of Lazica, however, survived for over 20 more years, until 562, when it was absorbed into the Byzantine Empire.
Selected Sources
Appian, XII - The Mithridatic Wars, 114
Bosporan Kingdom growth map-fr. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 7 Aptril 2024 on https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bosporan_Kingdom_growth_map-fr.svg
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