Wars of Cyrus the Great
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Were a series of expansionistic military campaigns by the first Achaemenid ruler Cyrus the Great.
Chronology
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January 549 BC: Kinolis was captured by the Persians in 550 BC.
January 549 BC: Carmania was conquered by Cyrus the Great, founder of the Achaemenid Empire, in the 6th century BC.
January 549 BC: By the mid-6th century BC, Caucasian Albania was incorporated in the Achaemenid empire.
January 549 BC: Amisos was captured by the Persians in 550 BC.
January 549 BC: Herakleia (Pontic Coast of Asia Minor) was captured by the Persians in 550 BC.
January 549 BC: Iasonia was captured by the Persians in 550 BC.
January 549 BC: Karambis was captured by the Persians in 550 BC.
January 549 BC: Karoussa was captured by the Persians in 550 BC.
January 549 BC: Koloussa was captured by the Persians in 550 BC.
January 549 BC: Kotyora was captured by the Persians in 550 BC.
January 549 BC: Kromna was captured by the Persians in 550 BC.
January 549 BC: Kytoros was captured by the Persians in 550 BC.
January 549 BC: Lykastos was captured by the Persians in 550 BC.
January 549 BC: Odeinios was captured by the Persians in 550 BC.
January 549 BC: Sesamos was captured by the Persians in 550 BC.
January 549 BC: Stameneia was captured by the Persians in 550 BC.
January 549 BC: Themiskyra was captured by the Persians in 550 BC.
January 549 BC: Tieion was captured by the Persians in 550 BC.
January 549 BC: Trapezous (Pontic Coast of Asia Minor) was captured by the Persians in 550 BC.
January 548 BC: Achaemenids could manage to defeat Lydians, thus Appuašu had to recognize the authority of the Persians in 549BC to keep the local administration with the Cilicians. Cilicia became an autonomous satrapy under the reign of Cyrus II.
January 548 BC: Aphrodisias was conquered by Persia in 549.
January 548 BC: Holmoi was conquered by Persia in 549.
January 548 BC: Issos was conquered by Persia in 549.
January 548 BC: Kelenderis was conquered by Persia in 549.
January 548 BC: Mallos was conquered by Persia in 549.
January 548 BC: Nagidos was conquered by Persia in 549.
January 548 BC: Soloi (Kilikia) was conquered by Persia in 549.
January 545 BC: Achaemenid Empire conquests in Asia Minor. Cyrus the Great conquers the Ionian Greeks.
January 545 BC: After the defeat of neighboring Lydia by the Persians in 546 BC Rhodes came under the influence of the Persian Empire of the Achaemenids.
January 544 BC: Persia ruled Cyprus from 545 BC.
October 539 BC: Cyrus the Great, king and founder of the Persian Achaemenid Empire, took Babylon.
January 538 BC: The fall of the kingdom of Judah does not seem to have affected the Ammonites at first. However, they too are later lost in the mixture of peoples of the Persian empire.
January 538 BC: Margiana, located in present-day Turkmenistan, was conquered by the Persian king Cyrus the Great. The territory became part of the Achaemenid Empire's satrapy of Bactria between 545 and 539 BC.
January 549 BC: The city of Colchis was invaded by Scythians and Cimmerians roughly between 720 and 730 BC. and the kingdom disintegrated into various statelets. Around the middle of the 6th century B.C. these fell under Achaemenid rule.
Was a war between the Achaemenid and the Lydian Empires that ended with the demise of the latter.
December 547 BC: Battle of Pteria: in 547 BC, the Persian forces of Cyrus the Great fought a drawn battle with the invading Lydian forces of Croesus, forcing Croesus to withdraw back west into his own kingdom.
January 546 BC: The Battle of Thymbra was the decisive battle in the war between Croesus of the Lydian Kingdom and Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire. The battle was won by the Persians led by Cyrus the Great. Lydia became the Persian satrapy Sparda.
January 545 BC: After Cyrus the Great defeated King Croesus of Lydia in -546, the region of Pamphylia, including the city of Aspendos, came under the control of the Achaemenid Empire. This marked the expansion of Persian influence in the region.
January 545 BC: After Cyrus the Great defeated King Croesus of Lydia in -546, the region of Pamphylia, including the city of Idyros, came under the control of the Achaemenid Empire. This marked the expansion of Persian influence in the region.
January 545 BC: After Cyrus the Great defeated King Croesus of Lydia in -546, Pamphylia, a region in modern-day Turkey, came under the control of the Achaemenid Empire. This marked the expansion of Persian influence in the region.
January 545 BC: After Cyrus the Great defeated King Croesus of Lydia in -546, the region of Pamphylia, including the city of Perge, came under the control of the Achaemenid Empire. This marked the expansion of Persian influence in the region.
Was an Achaemenid military campaign in Sogdia.
January 545 BC: Herodotus, a Greek historian, noted that Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, conquered and incorporated Sogdia into his empire during his military campaigns from 546-539 BC. Sogdia was a region located in Central Asia.
Was a military campaign of the Achaemenid ruler Cyrus the Great that resulted in the conquest of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
October 539 BC: The Battle of Opis took place in -539 between Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire and the Babylonian army. The decisive victory for Cyrus led to the fall of Babylon and the incorporation of the territory into the Achaemenid Empire.
October 539 BC: Sippar was seized by the Achaemenids without a battle.
October 539 BC: On October 12 (proleptic Gregorian calendar), Gubaru's troops entered Babylon, again without any resistance from the Babylonian armies, and detained Nabonidus.
Were a series of military campaigns by the Achaemenid rulers in the Indus valley.
January 538 BC: Cyrus the Great expanded the Achaemenid Empire as far as to the banks of the Indus river and organized the conquered territories under the Satrapy of Gandara.
January 517 BC: The Gandhara Kingdom, ruled by King Ambhi, was conquered by the Achaemenid Empire under the leadership of King Darius I in 518 BC. This marked the incorporation of Gandhara into the vast Persian Empire.
January 515 BC: The Achaemenids under Darius penetrated to the region in 516 BC and annexed other parts of modern-day Punjab, Pakistan west to the Indus river and Sindh.
The upper Indus region, comprising Gandhara and Kamboja, formed the 7th, Gandhara satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire.
January 515 BC: The Achaemenids under Darius penetrated to the region in 516 BC and annexed other parts of modern-day Punjab, Pakistan west to the Indus river and Sindh.
January 509 BC: Conquests of Achaemenid ruler Darius I in India (Gandara and Sattagydia), circa 510 BC.
Selected Sources
André-Salvini, B. (2005): Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia, University of California Press, p. 45
Behistun inscription, Column i, lines 9-17
Sen, S. N. (1999): Ancient Indian History and Civilization, New Delhi (India), pp. 116-117
Spence, I. (2002): Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Warfare, Scarecrow Press, p. XXII
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, pp.7-9
