kingdom of thessalonica
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The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Kingdom of Thessalonica
Empire of Thessalonica
Empire of Thessalonica (Bulgaria)
Establishment
October 1204: After the Fourth Crusade in 1204, the Latin Empire captured Thrace, Thessaly, and northern Greece. The territory was then given to Boniface of Montferrat, who established the Kingdom of Thessalonica.
October 1204: The Crusader State of Thessalonica was founded after the Fourth Crusade over conquered Byzantine lands in Macedonia and Thessaly.
October 1204: The first lord of Salona, Thomas I d'Autremencourt, was named by Boniface of Montferrat, the King of Thessalonica, in 1205.
October 1204: The Marquisate of Bodonitsa, like Salona, was originally created as a vassal state of the Kingdom of Thessalonica.
October 1204: The Triarchy of Negroponte (Thessalonica) was a crusader state established between 1204 and 1470 on the island of Euboea.
November 1204: After the Fourth Crusade in 1204, the Latin Empire captured Thrace, Thessaly, and northern Greece. The territory was then given to Boniface of Montferrat, who established the Kingdom of Thessalonica.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the Medieval period. The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291.
1.1.Fourth Crusade
Was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem. However, the Western Crusaders sacked Constantinople in 1204 and partitioned the Byzantine Empire.
January 1205: In 1204, Arbanon, led by Prince Progon, attained political independence from Constantinople after the Fourth Crusade. The territory went to the Principality of Arbanon, marking a temporary period of autonomy.
Were a series of conflicts between the Second Bulgarian Empire and the Latin Empire.
April 1205: Battle of Adrianople.
July 1205: Battle of Serres.
Expansion during the rule of Henry in the Latin Empire.
January 1208: Lemnos formed a fief of the Latin Empire under the Venetian Navigajoso family from 1207.
January 1210: Emperor Henry of Flanders' expedition against the rebellious Lombard barons of Thessalonica in 1208-09, ended the feudal dependency of the southern principalities (the Duchy of Athens, the Marquisate of Bodonitsa, the Lordship of Salona, and the Triarchy of Negroponte) on Thessalonica, replacing it with direct imperial suzerainty.
September 1205: The Epirote state was founded in 1205 by Michael Komnenos Doukas, a cousin of the Byzantine emperors Isaac II Angelos and Alexios III Angelos. He went to Epirus, where he considered himself the Byzantine governor of the old province of Nicopolis and revolted against Boniface.
January 1206: Foundation of the Duchy of Athens.
January 1208: The Duchy of the Archipelago was created in 1207 by the Venetian nobleman Marco Sanudo, a participant in the Fourth Crusade and nephew of the former Doge Enrico Dandolo, who had led the Venetian fleet to Constantinople. This was an independent venture, without the consent of the Latin emperor Henry of Flanders.
January 1208: In 1207, Kythnos and Sifnos became part of the Venetian Duchy of the Archipelago. The Venetians controlled these islands until 1617, when they were taken over by the Ottoman Empire. This period marked a significant influence of Venetian culture and architecture in the region.
January 1208: The Island of Tinos (Tino) was acquired by Venice in 1207.
January 1208: In 1207, the Venetian Republic gained control of the Sporades islands, including Skiathos, Skopelos, Alonnisos, and Skyros.
January 1208: Venetian colony in Santorini from 1207.
January 1209: Emperor Henry of Flanders' expedition against the rebellious Lombard barons of Thessalonica in 1208-09, ended the feudal dependency of the southern principalities (the Duchy of Athens, the Marquisate of Bodonitsa, the Lordship of Salona, and the Triarchy of Negroponte) on Thessalonica, replacing it with direct imperial suzerainty.
January 1211: The Naxiotes continued to resist the Venetians, however, and established a base inland, around the fortress of Apalyros/Apalire. The latter fell to Sanudo after a five or six weeks' siege, despite the assistance rendered to the Greeks by the Genoese, Venice's main competitors.
January 1211: Gramvousa Island (Grabusa) was a Venetian Colony from 1210.
January 1216: In 1215, Michael I Komnenos Doukas, ruler of the Despotate of Epirus, captured Larissa and Dyrrhachium from the Latin Empire. He also gained control of ports on the Gulf of Corinth, expanding his territory and influence in the region.
January 1225: Theodore of Epirus captured Thessalonica and the kingdom became part of the Despotate of Epirus.
January 1225: Theodore challenged Nicaea for the imperial title and crowned himself emperor, founding the short-lived Empire of Thessalonica.
January 1226: Theodore of Thessalonica marched into Thrace and forced the Nicaeans to leave their European possessions to him.
January 1227: Epirote armies conquered Thrace in 1225-26, appearing before Constantinople itself. The Latin Empire was saved for a time by the threat posed to Theodore by the Bulgarian tsar Ivan II Asen, and a truce was concluded in 1228.
February 1227: Epirote armies conquered Thrace in 1225-26, appearing before Constantinople itself. The Latin Empire was saved for a time by the threat posed to Theodore by the Bulgarian tsar Ivan II Asen, and a truce was concluded in 1228.
January 1228: John III's possession of Adrianople was terminated by Theodore Komnenos Doukas of Epirus and Thessalonica, who drove the Nicaean garrison out of Adrianople and annexed much of Thrace in 1227.
March 1230: Battle of Klokotnitsa: Theodore of Thessalony's recently conquered territories in Thrace and Macedonia were regained by Bulgaria without resistance. Thrace, most of Macedonia with Ohrid, the Albanian territories with Kruja and the northern half of Epirus became Bulgarian.
March 1230: Battle of Klokotnitsa: Thessalonica became a Bulgarian vassal under Theodore of Thessaly's brother Manuel.
January 1231: Epirus soon broke away from Thessalonica under Michael I's bastard son, Michael II Komnenos Doukas.
January 1237: Michael of Epirus was a de facto independent ruler, which he demonstrated by seizing Corfu in ca. 1236.
July 1237: Conquests of the Empire of Thessalonica in Bulgaria.
July 1237: End of the vassalage of the Empire of Thessalonica to the Bulgars.
January 1242: When Manuel, ruler of Thessaly, died in 1241, Michael II of Epirus was able to take over his possessions without resistance.
January 1242: Nicaean forces conquer the coast of Thessaly and Chalkidiki.
January 1243: In spite of some reverses against the Latin Empire in 1240, John III was able to take advantage of Ivan Asen II's death in 1241 to impose his own suzerainty over Thessalonica (in 1242).
Disestablishment
January 1247: Demetrios Angelos Doukas lost Thessalonica to Nicaea in 1246.
