Fourth Crusade
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Was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem. However, the Western Crusaders sacked Constantinople in 1204 and partitioned the Byzantine Empire.
Chronology
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November 1202: The Siege of Zara was the first major action of the Fourth Crusade and the first attack against a Catholic city by Catholic crusaders. The crusaders had an agreement with Venice for transport across the sea, but the price far exceeded what they were able to pay. Venice set the condition that the crusaders help them capture Zara. Zara fell on 24 November.
April 1204: In January 1203, while heading to Jerusalem, the Crusader leadership entered into an agreement with the Byzantine prince Alexios Angelos to divert the Crusade to Constantinople and restore his deposed father Isaac II Angelos as emperor. However, in January 1204 he was deposed by a popular uprising. The Crusaders were no longer able to receive their promised payments from Alexios. Following the murder of Alexios on 8 February, the Crusaders decided on the outright conquest of the city. In April 1204, they captured and plundered the city.
April 1204: After the fall of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade, the crusaders agreed to divide up Byzantine territory. In the Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae, signed on 1 October 1204, three eighths of the empire (including Crete and other islands) went to the Republic of Venice. The Latin Empire claimed the remainder.
April 1204: The empire traces its foundation to April 1204, when Alexios Komnenos and his brother David took advantage of the preoccupation of the central Byzantine government with the encampment of the soldiers of the Fourth Crusade outside their walls (June 1203 - mid-April 1204) and seized the city of Trebizond and the surrounding province of Chaldia.
June 1204: During the Fourth Crusade in 1204, the Venetians seized the port of Lampsacus, while French knight Peter of Bracieux captured the nearby Pegai. This territory was then taken over by the Latin Empire.
October 1204: The Duchy of Philippopolis was a short-lived duchy of the Latin Empire founded after the collapse and partition of the Byzantine Empire by the Fourth Crusade in 1204.
October 1204: The Crusader State of Thessalonica was founded after the Fourth Crusade over conquered Byzantine lands in Macedonia and Thessaly.
October 1204: The first lord of Salona, Thomas I d'Autremencourt, was named by Boniface of Montferrat, the King of Thessalonica, in 1205.
October 1204: The Marquisate of Bodonitsa, like Salona, was originally created as a vassal state of the Kingdom of Thessalonica.
October 1204: Leo Sgouros, taking advantage of the disruption caused by the Fourth Crusade, made himself independent and established the Despotate of Argolid, Corinthia and Central Greece.
October 1204: The Triarchy of Negroponte (Thessalonica) was a crusader state established between 1204 and 1470 on the island of Euboea.
October 1204: Crete becomes part part of the Latin Empire and is allotted to Boniface of Montferrat.
November 1204: The Latin Empire, established by the Crusaders in Constantinople, had poor control over former Byzantine territory, and Greek successor states of the Byzantine Empire sprang up in Epirus, Trebizond, and Nicaea. Theodore appeared as his father-in-law's representative and secured the Bithynian towns' loyalty in Alexios III's name until the end of 1204. The local Greeks acknowledged him as the strategos (or military leader) of Bithynia.
November 1204: After the Fourth Crusade in 1204, the Latin Empire captured Thrace, Thessaly, and northern Greece. The territory was then given to Boniface of Montferrat, who established the Kingdom of Thessalonica.
November 1204: In 1204, the Empire of Trebizond, led by Alexios, captured Kerasous, Cide, Amasra, and Heraclea Pontica along the Byzantine coast. Additionally, they took control of Limnia, Samsun, and Sinope, expanding their territory significantly.
November 1204: In 1204, the territory of Samsun and its surroundings fell under the control of the Empire of Trebizond.
November 1204: Soon after the sack of Constantinople in 1204 parts of Crimea were annexed by the Empire of Trebzond.
November 1204: Venetian Tekirdağ (Rodosto) and Gelibolu Peninsula (Gallipoli), 1204-1235.
January 1205: The Principality of Theodoro was formed in 1204, during the IV Crusade, in that part of the thema of Klimata in the Crimea which was not occupied by the Genoese.
January 1205: Following the Fourth Crusade's attack on the Byzantines in 1204, the Christian Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruled by King Levon I and his wife Queen Isabella, periodically held the port of Alanyia and the surrounding coast as part of their expanding territory.
January 1205: Latin forces defeated the Nicaean forces at Poimanenon and Prusa in 1204.
January 1205: Cession of Crete to Venice by the King of Thessalonica (1204).
January 1205: After the Fourth Crusade in 1204, Hydra (Idra) became a Venetian colony.
November 1204: Samothrace Island (Samotracia) is acquired by Venice after the Fourth Crusade.
October 1204: After the Fourth Crusade in 1204, the Latin Empire captured Thrace, Thessaly, and northern Greece. The territory was then given to Boniface of Montferrat, who established the Kingdom of Thessalonica.
October 1204: After the Fourth Crusade the islands of Lesbos, Chios, Samos and Ikaria became part of the Latin Empire.
November 1204: After the Fourth Crusade in 1204, Beyoğlu (Pera) neighborhood in Constantinople was taken over by the Republic of Venice. The Venetians controlled the area until 1261 when the Byzantine Empire recaptured Constantinople.
January 1205: In 1204, Arbanon, led by Prince Progon, attained political independence from Constantinople after the Fourth Crusade. The territory went to the Principality of Arbanon, marking a temporary period of autonomy.
