mari
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this nation you can find it here: All Statistics
The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
First Mariote Kingdom
Second Mariote Kingdom
Third Mariote Kingdom
Establishment
January 2899 BC: Mari was purposely founded during the Mesopotamian Early Dynastic period I c. 2900 BC, to control the waterways of the Euphrates trade routes that connect the Levant with the Sumerian south.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
The military campaign of Sargon of Akkad resulted in the conquest of most of the Sumerian polities. Sargon's state is sometimes identified as the first empire in recorded history.
January 2289 BC: A decade after Ebla's destruction (c. 2300 BC middle chronology), Mari was destroyed and burned by Sargon of Akkad during his conquests.
Assyrian ruler Shamshi-Adad I conquered the Kingdom of Mari.
January 1794 BC: King Yahdun-Lim of Mari was assassinated by his own servants. The heir to the throne of Mari, Zimri-Lim, was forced to flee to Yamhad. Assyrian King Shamshi-Adad I seized the opportunity and occupied Mari. He placed his sons (Ishme-Dagan I and Yasmah-Adad) in key geographical locations and gave them responsibility to look over those areas. Shamshi-Adad I put his eldest son (Ishme-Dagan I) on the throne of Ekallatum, while Shamshi-Adad I remained in Šubat-Enlil. Shamshi-Adad I put his second son, Yasmah-Adad, on the throne in Mari. With the annexation of Mari, Shamshi-Adad I had carved out a large empire encompassing much of Syria, Anatolia, and the whole of Upper Mesopotamia. Shamshi-Adad I proclaimed himself as "King of All".
After the death of Assyrian ruler Shamshi-Adad I, the Kingdom of Mari seceded.
January 1774 BC: After the death of Assyrian King Shamshi-Adad I, his Yasmah-Adad was expelled from Mari by Zimri-Lim.
Military campaigns of Mariote king Zim-ri-Lim.
January 1769 BC: Conquests of Mariote King Zim-ri-Lim.
Military campaigns of Babylonian King Hammurabi.
5.1.Hammurabi's Conquests in the North
Military campaign of Babylonian King Hammurabi in northern Mesopotamia.
January 1759 BC: The Babylonian armies conquered the remaining northern states of Mesopotamia, including Babylon's former ally Mari.
January 2549 BC: The city of Mari, an ancient Semitic city-state in modern-day Syria, was abandoned at the end of the Early Dynastic period II c. 2550 BC for unknown reasons.
January 2499 BC: Around the beginning of Early Dynastic period III (earlier than 2500 BC) Mari was rebuilt and populated again.
January 2415 BC: Mariote King Ansud attacked Ebla, the traditional rival of Mari with whom it had a long war, and conquered many of Ebla's cities, including the land of Belan.
January 2379 BC: At the time of King Iblul-Il, the Mariote Kingdom expanded greatly through military campaigns.
January 2339 BC: The first Eblaite Kingdom at ist heigth (c. 2340 BC) extended from Urshu in the north, to Damascus area in the south. And from Phoenicia and the coastal mountains in the west, to Tuttul, and Haddu in the east.
January 2198 BC: The Akkadian Empire disintegrated during Shar-Kali-Sharri's reign, and Mari gained its independence.
January 1999 BC: During the early second millennium BC the city of Urkesh passed into the hands of the rulers of Mari.
January 1799 BC: Yahdun-Lim expanded west and claimed to have reached the Mediterranean. He probably conquered only the city of Tuttul.
January 1760 BC: Terqa became the capital of a state named the Kingdom of Hana.
Disestablishment
January 1759 BC: The Babylonian armies conquered the remaining northern states of Mesopotamia, including Babylon's former ally Mari.
Selected Sources
Astour, Michael C. (2002). "A Reconstruction of the History of Ebla (Part 2)". In Gordon, Cyrus Herzl; Rendsburg, Gary (eds.). Eblaitica: Essays on the Ebla Archives and Eblaite Language. Vol. 4. Eisenbrauns. P. 58
Cyrus Herzl Gordon, Gary Rendsburg, Nathan H. Winter (1987): Eblaitica: Essays on the Ebla Archives and Eblaite Language, Eisenbrauns, pp. 101-107
Diane Bolger, Louise C. Maguire (2010): The Development of Pre-State Communities in the Ancient Near East: Studies in Honour of Edgar Peltenburg, Oxbow Books, Cap. 11
Gordon Douglas Young (1981): Ugarit in Retrospect: Fifty Years of Ugarit and Ugaritic, Eisenbrauns, p.4
Jonathan N. Tubb (1998): Canaanites, University of Oklahoma Press, p. 39
Liverani, Mario (2013). The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy. Routledge. p. 117
Liverani, Mario (2013). The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy. Routledge.p. 119
Margueron, Jean-Claude (2003). "Mari and the Syro-Mesopotamian World". In Aruz, Joan; Wallenfels, Ronald (eds.). Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. P. 136
Margueron, Jean-Claude (2003). "Mari and the Syro-Mesopotamian World". In Aruz, Joan; Wallenfels, Ronald (eds.). Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 136
Maria Eugenia Aubet (2001): The Phoenicians and the West: Politics, Colonies and Trade, Cambridge University Press, p. 18
Viollet, Pierre-Louis (2007) [2005]. Water Engineering in Ancient Civilizations: 5,000 Years of History. IAHR Monographs. Vol. 7. Translated by Holly, Forrest M. CRC Press. p. 36
William J. Hamblin (2006). Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC. p. 242.
William J. Hamblin (2006). Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC. pp. 241-243.
