tobago
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The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Tobago (Netherlands)
Tobago (Great Britain)
Tobago (France)
Establishment
July 1628: An early European settlement on the island of Tobago, a Dutch colony named New Walcheren, formed in 1628.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of conflicts mainly fought between the Dutch Republic and England (later Great Britain) from mid-17th to late 18th century.
1.1.Second Anglo-Dutch War
Was a conflict between England and the Dutch Republic partly for control over the seas and trade routes.
November 1665: In late 1665, an English force from Jamaica and Barbados captured the Dutch possession of Tobago.
September 1666: French recapture of Tobago.
Was the war of independence of the United States of America (at the time the Thirteen Colonies) against Great Britain.
2.1.Anglo-French War (1778-1783)
Was a war between France, allied to the United States, and Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War.
January 1782: The French captured Tobago, in 1781.
Were a series of conflicts between France and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars against the newly declared French Republic and from 1803 onwards the Napoleonic Wars against First Consul and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. They include the Coalition Wars as a subset: seven wars waged by various military alliances of great European powers, known as Coalitions, against Revolutionary France - later the First French Empire - and its allies.
3.1.French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars - Theatre of war in the overseas colonies
The theatre of war in the overseas colonies during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
May 1814: The Treaty of Paris ceded Tobago to the British in 1814.
January 1629: In 1628, the Spanish successfully conquered the colony of Tobago, which was previously under Dutch control.
October 1654: Forts Lampsinsberg, Beveren, and Bellavista were conquered by British and destroyed by French.
December 1659: Taken by the more numerous Dutch settlers, who surrounded Fort James and forced Hubert de Beveren, Governor of the Couronians, to surrender. The merchant fleet and factories were destroyed. Courland officially yielded New Courland on 11 December 1659.
May 1660: Tobago was returned to Courland.
January 1663: The Dutch brothers Adrian and Cornelius Lampsins were granted the title of Barons of Tobago.
January 1667: The Dutch surrendered to pirates in Tobago.
January 1668: Dutch rule in Tobago was restored.
January 1673: In 1672 Tobago was ceded to England.
January 1675: Tobago restored to the W.I.C. in 1674.
January 1678: In 1677 after a damaging French attack the W.I.C. abandoned Tobago. In 1678 the Dutch Republic ceded Tobago to France.
January 1681: Tobago was regained again just for a short period at the end of Duke Jacob's rule with an attempt in July 1680 at a new colony which also later failed.
January 1694: New Courland is finally sold to the British Empire by around 1690 to 1693.
March 1702: As William III of England was also the de facto ruler of the Dutch Republic (as Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic), the Personal Union between Netherlands and Great Britain ended at his death.
Disestablishment
January 1889: Tobago and Trinidad are merged into one colony.
Selected Sources
Israel, J. I. (1995): The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall, Clarendon Press, pp. 959-960
