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The cluster includes all the forms of the country. Nations that are traditionally considered the successors of the Kievan Rus' (Russia, Ukraine and Belarus) are covered in different clusters.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Kievan Rus'
Establishment
January 863: Expansion of the Kievan Rus' by 863 AD.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of expansionistic military campaigns by Oleg, ruler of the Kievan Rus'.
January 880: According to Rus' Primary Chronicle, the first ruler to start uniting East Slavic lands into what has become known as Kievan Rus' was Prince Oleg (879-912).
January 882: In 880-82, Oleg of Novgorod led a military force south along the Dnieper river, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech before reaching Kiev. There, he deposed and killed Askold and Dir, proclaiming himself prince of Kievan Rus'.
January 883: Expansion of the Kievan Rus' by 883 AD.
January 883: Oleg set about consolidating his power over the surrounding region and the riverways north to Novgorod, imposing tribute on the East Slav tribes.
January 884: In 883, Oleg of Novgorod, prince of the Kievan Rus', conquered the Drevlians, a Slavic tribe.
January 886: In 885, Oleg of Novgorod, subjugated the Poliane people, a Slavic tribe.
January 886: The Severians were a tribe or tribal confederation of early East Slavs occupying areas to the east of the middle Dnieper River and southeast of the Danube River. Oleg of Novgorod annexed their territory to the Kievan Rus'.
January 886: Territory of the Radimichs (an East Slavic tribe) conquered by Kievan Rus'.
January 886: The territories of the Vyatichi fall under control of the Kievian Rus'.
Were a series of military conflicts between the Kievan Rus' and the Byzantine Empire.
2.1.Siege of Constantinople (907)
Siege of Constantinople by the Rus.
January 908: Raid on Constantinople by the Kievan Rus' led by Oleg of Novgorod.
February 908: End of the Kievan raid on the Byzantine Empire.
2.2.Siege of Constantinople (941)
Siege of Constantinople by the Rus.
January 942: The Siege of Constantinople by the Rus' in 941 was led by Grand Prince Igor of Kievan Rus' and his wife, Princess Olga. The Rus' forces attempted to capture the Byzantine capital but were ultimately unsuccessful due to the strong defenses of the city.
February 942: The Siege of Constantinople by the Rus in 942 was led by Igor of Kiev, a Varangian ruler, against the Byzantine Empire. The Rus were ultimately unsuccessful in their attempt to capture the city.
2.3.Rus'-Byzantine War (1024)
Was a raid against the Byzantines by Kievan Rus' troops through the Dardanelles and into the Aegean Sea.
January 1025: Raid by Kievan Rus' troops through the Dardanelles and into the Aegean Sea.
February 1025: End of the raid by Kievan Rus' troops in the Aegean Sea.
2.4.Rus'-Byzantine War (1043)
Was an unsuccessful naval raid against Constantinople instigated by Yaroslav I of Kiev.
January 1044: Yaroslav I of Kiev, also known as Yaroslav the Wise, was the Grand Prince of Kievan Rus'. In 1043, he led an unsuccessful naval raid against Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire.
February 1044: Yaroslav I of Kiev, also known as Yaroslav the Wise, was the Grand Prince of Kievan Rus'. In 1043, he led an unsuccessful naval raid against Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire.
Were military raids undertaken by the Rus' between the late 9th century and c. 1041 on the Caspian Sea shores.
3.1.First Caspian expedition of the Rus'
The Rus' undertook the first large-scale expedition in the Caspian Sea in 913. Having arrived on 500 ships, they pillaged in the Georgan region, in the territory of present-day Iran, and more to the west, in Gilan and Mazandaran, taking slaves and goods.
January 914: The Rus' undertook the first large-scale Caspian expedition in 913. Having arrived on 500 ships, they pillaged in the Gorgan region, in the territory of present-day Iran, and more to the west, in Gilan and Mazandaran, taking slaves and goods.
February 914: The Rus' undertook the first large-scale Caspian expedition in 913. After having pillaged the Gorgan, Gilan and Mazandaran (Modern-day Iran), the Rus' forces left these regions.
3.2.Second Caspian expedition of the Rus'
During the second Rus' expedition in the Caspain Sea in 943, the Rus' captured Bardha'a, the capital of Arran, in the modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan. The Rus' stayed there for several months, killing many inhabitants of the city and amassing substantial plunder. It was only an outbreak of dysentery among the Rus' that forced them to depart with their spoils.
January 944: During their next expedition in 943, the Rus' captured Bardha'a, the capital of Arran, in the modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan. The Rus' stayed there for several months, killing many inhabitants of the city and amassing substantial plunder. It was only an outbreak of dysentery among the Rus' that forced them to depart with their spoils.
February 944: During their next expedition in 943, the Rus' captured Bardha'a, the capital of Arran, in the modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan. The Rus' stayed there for several months, killing many inhabitants of the city and amassing substantial plunder. It was only an outbreak of dysentery among the Rus' that forced them to depart with their spoils.
The Magyars (or Hungarians) successfully conquered the Carpathian Basin (corresponding to the later Kingdom of Hungary) by the end of the ninth century, and launched a number of plundering raids thoughout Europe.
January 938: The Hungarians attacked Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire, reaching the walls of Constantinople.
February 938: The Hungarians attacked Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire, reaching the walls of Constantinople.
Were a series of conflicts fought between the Byzantines and Bulgarians which began when the Bulgars first settled in the Balkan peninsula in the 5th century, and intensified with the expansion of the Bulgarian Empire to the southwest after 680 AD.
5.1.Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria
Was the invasion of the Bulgarian Empire by the Kievan Rus'.
August 971: Siege of Dorostolon.
September 971: Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimiskes and Sviatoslav I of Kiev agreed to a peace treaty: The Rus' army left the occupied territories, and their trading rights were re-affirmed in exchange for an oath to never again attack imperial territory.
September 971: While the eastern parts of the empire were conquered and turned into a Byzantine province, the lands to the west of Iskar river remained under Bulgarian control and included most of Macedonia, Albania and the lands to the south of the Danube between the Kolubara river (including Srem) to the west and the mountains around Etropole and Ihtiman to the east. These territories were ruled by the four brothers David, Moses, Aron and Samuel, sons of the governor (komita/comes) of Serdica (Sofia) Nikola.
5.1.1.Kievan Offensive
Was a military campaign by the invading Kievan Rus' in the Bulgarian Empire.
June 968: In August 967 or 968, the Rus' crossed the Danube into Bulgarian territory, defeated a Bulgarian army of 30,000 men in the Battle of Silistra, and occupied most of the Dobruja.
September 969: In summer 969, Sviatoslav returned to Bulgaria in force, accompanied by allied Pecheneg and Magyar contingents. Sviatoslav stormed the city. Thereafter Boris and Roman capitulated, and the Rus' rapidly established control over eastern and northern Bulgaria, placing garrisons in Dorostolon and the Bulgarian capital of Preslav.
September 969: In summer 969, Sviatoslav of Kiev returned to Bulgaria in force, accompanied by allied Pecheneg and Magyar contingents. Sviatoslav stormed the city. Thereafter Boris and Roman capitulated, and the Rus' rapidly established control over eastern and northern Bulgaria, placing garrisons in Dorostolon and the Bulgarian capital of Preslav.
April 970: In early 970, a Rus' army led by Sviatoslav I of Kiev, with Bulgarians, Pechenegs, and Magyars, attacked Philippopolis (Plovdiv) in the Byzantine Empire. The city fell to the invaders, marking a significant victory for the Kievan Rus'.
5.1.2.Byzantine offensive
Was a military campaign by the invading Byzantine Empire in the Bulgarian Empire.
April 971: Preslav was stormed on 13 April.
Was a military expedition by the Polish ruler Bolesław the Brave in the Kievan Rus´.
July 1018: The army of Bolesław of Poland crossed the border in 1018 and reached Kiev later that same year. The Battle of the River Bug occurred around July 23.
August 1018: Kiev, which suffered from fires caused by the Pecheneg siege, surrendered upon seeing the main Polish army.
December 1018: It is not known how long Polish duke Bolesław remained in and around Kiev. Bolesław in fact departed within a few months and, as Thietmar died on December 1, 1018, Bolesław must have been back in Poland a good time before December.
Following the death of Mstislav I of Kiev in 1132, the semi-autonomous states of the Kievan Rus' were de facto independent.
January 1133: Following the death of Mstislav I of Kiev in 1132, the semi-autonomous states of the Kievan Rus' were de facto independent.
January 1133: Territorial change based on available maps.
January 1133: The Principality of Novgorod-Seversk was formed as part of the Chernigov principality in 1097. Following the death of Mstislav I of Kiev in 1132, the semi-autonomous states were de facto independent.
January 1133: As a result of the fragmentation of the Rus', effective rule of Grand Princes of Kiev was gradually reduced to central regions of Kievan Rus', thus forming a reduced princely domain, known as the inner Principality of Kiev. Following the death of Mstislav I of Kiev in 1132, the semi-autonomous states were de facto independent.
January 1133: After the weakening of the Rus' state, the Byzantine Empire, under the rule of Emperor John II Komnenos, took control of southern Crimea in 1132.
January 970: Expansion of the Kievan Rus' into the Volga River valley.
January 970: In 969, territories of the Khazar Khanate were absorbed into Kievan Rus' under the rule of Grand Prince Sviatoslav I.
January 970: Part of the pontic steppe conquered by Kievan Rus'.
January 981: Expansion of the Kievan Rus' by 981 AD.
January 989: It is believed that the conquest of Tmutarakan by the Old Russian state happened either during the eastern campaign of Svyatoslav in 965, or during the campaign of Vladimir in Korsun in 988.
January 1001: Expansion of the Kievan Rus' by 1000 AD.
January 1001: The isolation of the Polotsk land from Kiev and its transformation into an independent principality actually began already under Izyaslav.
January 1001: Virumaa was a polity of ancient Estonia from around 1000 AD.
January 1001: Jersika was established in the 10th century as an outpost of the principality of Polotsk on the old "trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks".
January 1019: Several western border cities including Przemysl, were annexed by the Kingdom of Poland.
January 1032: Przemysl was under Polish control until 1031.
January 1055: Expansion of the Kievan Rus' to the death of Prince Yaroslav I (1054).
January 1070: Several western border cities including Przemysl, were annexed by the Kingdom of Poland.
January 1081: Przemysl was under Polish control until 1080.
January 1101: After the late 10th century, Polotsk, ruled by Prince Vseslav of Polotsk, successfully expanded its territory to include lands inhabited by the ancestors of today's Latvians and Lithuanians.
January 1102: In 1101, during the division of the possessions of the Polotsk prince Vseslav Bryachislavich between the sons, the single Polotsk principality was divided into 6 or 7 appanages. One of such was the Minsk principality.
January 1102: The appanage duchy of Drutsk was established after the death of Vseslav, the Prince of Polotsk, in 1101 and the division of the Polatsk territory between Vseslav's sons.
January 1128: Gorodenskoe principality was an appanage principality with the center in Gorodnya, which existed in the XII century. Goroden was first mentioned in the chronicle under the year 1127.
Disestablishment
January 1133: Following the death of Mstislav I of Kiev in 1132, the semi-autonomous states of the Kievan Rus' were de facto independent.
January 1133: As a result of the fragmentation of the Rus', effective rule of Grand Princes of Kiev was gradually reduced to central regions of Kievan Rus', thus forming a reduced princely domain, known as the inner Principality of Kiev. Following the death of Mstislav I of Kiev in 1132, the semi-autonomous states were de facto independent.
January 1133: The Principality of Novgorod-Seversk was formed as part of the Chernigov principality in 1097. Following the death of Mstislav I of Kiev in 1132, the semi-autonomous states were de facto independent.
January 1133: Territorial change based on available maps.
January 1133: After the weakening of the Rus' state, the Byzantine Empire, under the rule of Emperor John II Komnenos, took control of southern Crimea in 1132.
Selected Sources
Chew, A.F. (1970): An Atlas of Russian History: Eleven Centuries of Changing Borders, Yale University Press, p.7
Haldon, John F. (2001), The Byzantine Wars, Stroud: Tempus, p.104
Lowe, S. (30 May 2011). The Magyars of Hungary. https://web.archive.org/web/20091027151814/http://www.geocities.com/egfrothos/magyars/magyars.html
Shephard, W. R. (1923): Historical Atlas, New York, Henry Holt and Company, pp. 58-59
Stephenson, Paul (2000), Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, p.53
Stoimenov, D., Temporary Byzantine Military Administration in the Bulgarian Lands 971–987/989, Yearbook of the Sofia University, pp. 40, 46–47, 49–53
Zlatarski, Vasil (1971) [1927]. История на българската държава през средните векове. Том I. История на Първото българско царство, Част II. От славянизацията на държавата до падането на Първото царство (852–1018) [History of Bulgaria in the Middle Ages. Vol. 1. History of the First Bulgarian Empire, Part 2.From the Slavicization of the state to the fall of the First Empire (852–1018)]. Sofia: Nauka i izkustvo. OCLC 67080314. p.603
Атлас. 6 класс. История России с древнейших времен до XVI века (Atlas. 6th grade. History of Russia from ancient times to the 16th century.) , Дрофа Publisher (2015), Moscow (Russia), p. 5-8
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