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The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Rebels (Philippine Revolution)
First Philippine Republic
Insular Government of the Philippine Islands
Commonwealth of the Philippines
Republic of the Philippines
Establishment
January 1897: By December, there were three major centers of rebellion: Cavite (under Mariano Alvarez, Baldomero Aguinaldo and others), Bulacan (under Mariano Llanera) and Morong (now part of Rizal, under Bonifacio).
March 1897: In 1897, government troops led by General Camilo Polavieja, with the support of new recruits from Spain, recaptured several towns in Cavite, including Imus, during the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule.
June 1897: In May 1897, the Spanish captured Maragondon.
July 1897: By June, the Spanish had taken Mendez Nunez, Amadeo, Alfonso, Bailen and Magallanes with little resistance.
November 1897: Aguinaldo and his men retreated northward, from one town to the next, until they finally settled in Biak-na-Bato, in the town of San Miguel de Mayumo in Bulacan. Here they established what became known as the Republic of Biak-na-Bato.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a war of independence of the Philippines, at the time part of the Spanish East Indies, against the Spanish Empire. However, the Philippine efforts proved useless as the outbreak of Spanish-American War resulted in the U.S. army invading and occupying the Philippines.
1.1.First Phase (Philippine Revolution)
Was the first phase of the Philippine Revolution, a revolt against Spanish rule.
1.2.Second Phase (Philippine Revolution)
Was the second phase of the Philippine Revolution, a revolt against Spanish rule. The First Philippine Republic was proclaimed.
May 1898: In the Battle of Alapan, Aguinaldo raided the last remaining stronghold of the Spanish Empire in Cavite.
June 1898: The Philippine rebels captured Imus and Bacoor in Cavite, Parañaque and Las Piñas in Morong, Macabebe, and San Fernando in Pampanga, as well as Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Tayabas, and the Camarines provinces, were liberated by the Filipinos. They were also able to capture the port of Dalahican in Cavite.
June 1898: The independence was proclaimed in Aguinaldo's house in Kawit, Cavite.
Was a war between Spain and the United States of America. The immediate cause of the war was the American support to Cuban independence.
2.1.Battle of Manila (1898)
Was the U.S. conquest of Manila, nominally under Spanish control but factually under the control of the First Philippine Republic. The battle was part of the Spanish-American War.
August 1898: U.S. forces captured Manila.
Was a war between the First Philippine Republic and the United States of America. It resulted in the occupation of the Philippines by the United States. The Philippines had managed to become independent with the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule (1896-1898). However, Spain officially ceded the Philippines to the United States after the Spanish-American War. The United States did not aknowledge Philippine independence and thus invaded the archipelago.
October 1899: San Isidro captured by the US troops.
January 1900: U.S. forces captured Sorsogon City, Calbayog, Catbalogan, Tacloban, and Ormoc.
February 1900: U.S. Cavite, Batangas, Tayabas, and Laguna campaigns led to the occupation of these regions.
January 1901: Philippine Leader Martín Teófilo Delgado surrendered to U.S. forces in Panay.
March 1901: General Frederick Funston and his troops Filipino captured guerrilla leader Emilio Aguinaldo in Palanan, Isabela.
March 1901: Philippine leader Nicolas Capistrano surrendered to U.S. forces in northern Mindanao.
April 1901: On April 1, 1901, at the Malacañan Palace in Manila, Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo swore an oath accepting the authority of the United States over the Philippines and pledging his allegiance to the American government. On April 19, he issued a Proclamation of Formal Surrender to the United States, telling his followers to lay down their weapons and give up the fight.
April 1901: Philippine leaders Manuel Tinio and Jose Alejandrino surrendered to U.S. forces in the Province of Nueva Ecija.
May 1901: Philippine leader Moxica surrendered to U.S. forces in Leyte on 18 May.
April 1902: Not all of the Phillipine insurgent leaders had responded to President Aguinaldo's acceptance of the United States authority. The last rebel forces on the island of Samar were defeated by the U.S. invaders by 16 April 1902.
3.1.Manila campaign
Was a military campaign by the United States of America in the Philippine-American War.
February 1899: Battle of Caloocan. The town falls to American forces.
3.2.Iloilo campaign
Was a military campaign by the United States of America in the Philippine-American War.
February 1899: Iloilo on Panay island was occupied by American forces.
February 1899: Cebu conquered by usa.
March 1899: The military occupation of Negros by the USA in 1899 was led by General James Franklin Bell. The capture of Bacolod on March 10 was a significant event in the Philippine-American War, marking the beginning of American control over the island.
May 1899: Jolo conquered by usa.
3.3.Malolos campaign
Was a military campaign by the United States of America in the Philippine-American War.
March 1899: Battle of Marilao River.
March 1899: Kansas and Nebraska volunteers under Col o nel Frederick Funston overcome desperate Filipino re sis tance and capture their capital at Malolos.
April 1899: American forced overran Quingua in fierce fighting on April 23 and 24.
April 1899: Battle of Calumpit.
May 1899: U.S. forces captured San Fernando, Pampanga on May 4.
August 1899: Angeles conquered by usa.
3.4.Laguna de Bay campaign
Was a military campaign by the United States of America in the Philippine-American War.
April 1899: American Major General Henry Lawton took his column south, captured Santa Cruz in the Laguna de Bay area.
April 1899: Battle of Pagsanjan.
April 1899: Battle of Paete.
April 1899: Filipino troops reoccupied Santa Cruz.
3.5.First San Isidro campaign
Was a military campaign by the United States of America in the Philippine-American War.
April 1899: U.S. troops led by Lawton captured Norzagaray, Bulacan.
April 1899: Angat (Bulacan) conquered by usa.
May 1899: U.S. forces captured San Rafael, Baliuag and Bustos on 2 May.
May 1899: San Isidro conquered by the U.S. forces.
3.6.Second San Isidro campaign
Was a military campaign by the United States of America in the Philippine-American War.
October 1899: U.S. forces recaptured San Isidro on October 20.
November 1899: The Americans entered Arayat.
November 1899: Umangan conquered by usa.
November 1899: Tayug and San Nicholas conquered by usa.
November 1899: U.S. General Samuel M.B. Young captured San Fernando de la Union on 20 November.
November 1899: The Oregon, a battleship of the United States Navy, occupied Vigan in 1899 during the Philippine-American War.
3.7.San Fabian campaign
Was a military campaign by the United States of America in the Philippine-American War.
November 1899: U.S. forces sailed from Manila on the 6th november and landed at San Fabian.
November 1899: The 33rd U.S. Volunteer Regiment routed insurgents at San Jacinto.
November 1899: U.S. forces occupied the region between San Jacinto and Dangupan.
3.8.Tarlac campaign
Was a military campaign by the United States of America in the Philippine-American War.
November 1899: American troops of General Arthur MacArthur’s division storm into Tarlac, the last capital of Filipino guerrillas.
November 1899: Bayambang and Pangasinan were occupied by U.S. forces.
November 1899: U.S. forces reached Dagupan on November 20.
November 1899: Brig. Gen. Frederick D. Grant, son of former US President Ulysses S. Grant, captured Subic Bay in 1899 during the Philippine-American War.
3.9.Cagayan Valley campaign
Was a military campaign by the United States of America in the Philippine-American War.
December 1899: Comdr. Bowman H. McCalla accepted the surrender of Daniel Tirona's Filipino forces in Aparri, Cagayan in 1899.
Was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945 (it started sooner in certain regions) between the Axis Powers (mainly Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (mainly the Soviet Union, the U.S.A., the U.K., China and France). It was the war with more fatalities in history. The war in Asia began when Japan invaded China on July 7, 1937. The war in Europe began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. The war ended with the complete defeat of the Axis powers, which were occupied by the Allies.
4.1.World War II (Asia & Pacific)
Was the East Asian, South Asian and Pacific theatre of World War II.
4.1.1.Philippines campaign (1941-1942)
Was the invasion of the Philippines by the Empire of Japan during World War II.
4.1.1.1.Japanese occupation of Luzon and surrounding islands
Were the operations of the Japanese army in Luzon and surrounding islands during the invasion of the Philippines.
December 1941: The Japanese 14th Army began its invasion with a landing on Batan Island (not to be confused with Bataan Peninsula), 190 km off the north coast of Luzon, on 8 December 1941.
December 1941: Japanese landings on Camiguin Island.
December 1941: Japanese Landings at Vigan, Aparri, and Gonzaga.
December 1941: The Japanese landed 2,500 men of the 16th Division at Legazpi.
December 1941: Japanese conquest of Olaoag.
December 1941: Japanese conquest of Uguegarao.
December 1941: Japanese conquest of Imugan.
December 1941: Japanese conquest of S. Fernando.
December 1941: Japanese conquest of Lingayen.
December 1941: Japanese conquest of Baguio.
December 1941: Japanese conquest of Mauban.
December 1941: Japanese conquest of St. Jose.
December 1941: Japanese conquest of Cabanatuan.
December 1941: Japanese conquest of Tarlag.
January 1942: Japanese conquest of Manila.
January 1942: Japanese conquest of Cavite.
January 1942: Japanese conquest of Batangas.
April 1942: The American surrended at Bataan to the Japanese.
May 1942: Fall of Corregidor to Japanese forces (6 May 1942).
4.1.1.2.Japanese occupation of Mindanao and surrounding islands
Were the operations of the Japanese army in Mindanao and surrounding islands during the invasion of the Philippines.
December 1941: In the night between the 19th and 20th the island of Mindanao was also occupied, after resistance by the garrison.
December 1941: The Japanese landed at Jolo, in the Sulu Archipelago, finding light resistence.
4.1.2.Philippines campaign
Was the American, Mexican, Australian and Filipino campaign to defeat and expel the Imperial Japanese forces occupying the Philippines during World War II.
4.1.2.1.Battle of Leyte
Was the amphibious invasion of the island of Leyte in the Philippines, occupied by Japan at the time, by American forces.
October 1944: The U.S. Sixth Army, supported by naval and air bombardment, landed on the favorable eastern shore of Leyte.
December 1944: American avances during the Battle of Ormoc Bay.
December 1944: U.S. liberation of Irpil.
December 1944: U.S. liberation of Ormoc.
December 1944: U.S. liberation of Valencia.
December 1944: U.S. liberation of Paolompon.
December 1944: U.S. conquest of the barrio of Tibur.
December 1944: U.S. liberation of San isidoro.
December 1944: U.S. liberation of Villaba.
December 1944: U.S. liberation of Tabango.
December 1944: The Japanese evacuated Leyte island.
4.1.2.2.Battle of Mindoro
Was a battle in World War II between forces of the United States and Japan, in Mindoro Island in the central Philippines.
December 1944: American forces invade Mindoro.
4.1.2.3.Battle of Luzon
Was a land battle of the Pacific Theater of Operations of World War II by the Allied forces of the U.S., its colony the Philippines, and allies against forces of the Empire of Japan.
January 1945: American landings at the Lingayen Gulf on 9 January .
January 1945: American advance up to Clark Field and Fort Stotsenburg by January 31th.
February 1945: American forces conclude operations on the Bataan Peninsula, which is fully occupied.
March 1945: American forces conclude operations in Manila, clearing the area.
June 1945: The Bessang Pass fall at the hands of the United States Army Forces in the Philippines - Northern Luzon (USAFP-NL) on June 14, 1945.
4.1.2.4.Battle of the Mindanao
Was a battle fought by the Americans and allied Filipino guerrillas against the Japanese forces on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. It was part of the campaign to liberate the Philippines during World War II.
March 1945: The American 41st Division troops quickly captured Zamboanga.
March 1945: After an heavy fight, the center of the Japanese line in the Zamboanga peninsula broke.
April 1945: American amphibious operation to secure Malabang-Parang-Cotabato area of Mindanao.
April 1945: By 22 April, the Allies took the position in Jolo after hard fighting and the rest of the Japanese troops fled and held out in the west for another two months.
April 1945: Upon reaching Digos, the Americans quickly overwhelmed the defending Japanese.
May 1945: On 3 May, the U.S. 31st Division reached Kibawe.
May 1945: U.S. Eight Army clears Malaybalay-Kalasungay region.
June 1945: Battle of Davao.
July 1945: Allied units seized Sarangani and Balut islands.
4.1.2.5.Battle of the Visayas
Was a battle fought by the Americans and allied Filipino guerrillas against the Japanese forces in the
Visayas region in the Philippines. It was part of the campaign to liberate the Philippines during World War II.
March 1945: Within two weeks of aerial bombardment on Japanese positions, the 40th Infantry Division, spearheaded by the 185th Infantry Regiment landed unopposed at Tigbauan district, in southern Panay.
March 1945: Guimaras and Inampulagan islands, between Panay and Negros, were freed on the same day Iloilo fell, 20 March and the next day, respectively with no opposition.
March 1945: On Talisay Beach, 6.5 km west of Cebu City, the 182nd Infantry and 132nd Infantry landed on 26 March 1945.
March 1945: The U.S. Eighth Army seizes Cebu City.
March 1945: U.S. Eighth Army captured Bacolod City.
April 1945: The coastal plain of Negros was in Allied hands.
April 1945: Japanese retreat from southern Cebu.
May 1945: Major combat operations continued in Dumuguate until 28 May 1945, when the Japanese positions fell and Filipino guerrillas assumed control.
June 1945: By 4 June, the Japanese began a general withdrawal, retreating further into the unexplored mountains of Negros.
August 1945: Negros Island was liberated from Japanese occupation.
4.2.End of World War II in Europe
Refers to the surrender of Axis forces and the end of World War II and to the territorial changes that were a direct consequence of World War II but happened after the traditional end of the War.
4.2.1.The Surrender of Japanese forces
Surrender of Japanese forces at the end of World War II.
September 1945: The Japanese commander in the Philippines, Gen. Yamashita, surrendered to Gen. Wainwright at Baguio.
May 1899: The Republic of Zamboanga was a brief sovereign republic founded by General Vicente Alvarez with his Revolutionary Forces of Zamboangueño after the official surrender of the Spanish government in Zamboanga and its concession of Real Fuerza de Nuestra Señora La Virgen del Pilar de Zaragoza to Vicente Álvarez in person in May 1899. On May 28, 1899, Vicente Álvarez proclaimed himself independent and became the first and last elected president of the republic.
July 1902: The U.S. Congress passed the Philippines Organic Act that established the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands, an unincorporated territory of the United States.
April 1903: The Republic of Zamboanga was Occupied by the United States.
February 1935: The Commonwealth of the Philippines was designed as a transitional administration in preparation for the country's full achievement of independence. Its foreign affairs remained managed by the United States.
July 1946: The independent Republic of the Philippines is proclaimed.
Selected Sources
Cannon, M. H. (1993): Leyte: The return to the Philippines, Washington D.C. (USA), p. 278
Cannon, M. H. (1993): Leyte: The return to the Philippines, Washington D.C. (USA), p. 329
Cannon, M. H. (1993): Leyte: The return to the Philippines, Washington D.C. (USA), p. 348
Cannon, M. H. (1993): Leyte: The return to the Philippines, Washington D.C. (USA), p. 355
Cannon, M. H. (1993): Leyte: The return to the Philippines, Washington D.C. (USA), p. 356
Flemming, Thomas / Steinhage, Axel / Strunk, Peter (1995): Chronik 1946: Tag für Tag in Wort und Bild, Chronik-Verlag/Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag,p. 112
Fredriksen, J.C. (2008): Chronology of American Military History, Facts On File, p.1510
Fredriksen, J.C. (2008): Chronology of American Military History, Facts On File, p.1512
Fredriksen, J.C. (2008): Chronology of American Military History, Facts On File, p.1516
Fredriksen, J.C. (2008): Chronology of American Military History, Facts On File, p.1534
Fredriksen, J.C. (2010): Chronology of American Military History - Volume 1, Facts On File, p.1503
U.S. Army Center of Military History. Retrieved on March, 26th, 2024 on https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/Images/p_004.jpg
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 388
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 4
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 408
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 434
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 443
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 455
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 464
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 488
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 499
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 519
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.32
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.347
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.354
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.370
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.423
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.457
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.539
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.7
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.8
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, pp.36-37
philippines
