If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this nation you can find it here: All Statistics
The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Emirate of Diriyah
Emirate of Nejd
Emirate of Riyadh
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa (Great Britain)
Sultanate of Nejd
Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz (Great Britain)
Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Establishment
January 1745: It was stablished in the year 1744 (1157 AH) when Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Prince Muhammad bin Saud formed an alliance to found a socio-religious reform movement to unify the many states of the Arabian Peninsula.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a war fought from early 1811 to 1818, between the Ottoman Empire and the Emirate of Diriyah, the First Saudi State, resulting in the destruction of the latter.
January 1812: The Ottomans were not able to recapture the Holy cities (Jeddah, Mecca, Medina) until 1811.
January 1818: In 1817, Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt advanced into central Arabia to occupy the towns of Unaizah and Buraidah.
September 1818: In 1818, the city of Diriyah was destroyed by forces led by Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt, marking the end of the First Saudi State established by Muhammad bin Saud and Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab.
October 1818: It took until September for the Wahhabis to surrender, in part due to Ibrahim's poorly trained army.
Was an Ottoman military campaign to conquer the El-Hasa region of eastern Arabia.
January 1872: The Ottoman Empire controlled the Oasis of al-Hasa since 1871.
January 1872: Ottoman campaign to Al-Ahsa (Al-Hasa) in 1871.
January 1872: In 1871, Midhat Pasha invaded al-Hasa and restored Ottoman control of the Najd Sanjak.
Ibn Rashid expelled the Saudi from Najd after the Battle of Mulayda in 1891.
January 1891: Ibn Rashid finally expelled the last Saudi leader, Abdul-Rahman ibn Faisal, from Najd after the Battle of Mulayda in 1891.
Were a series of wars and events that resulted in the establishment of modern-day Saudi Arabia.
January 1902: In 1902, Abdulaziz Ibn Saud succeeded in recapturing Riyadh for the House of Saud.
May 1913: The Emirate of Nejd and Hasa was formed after Saudi forces seized Al-Ahsa from the control of the Ottoman garrison, during the Conquest of al-Hasa.
January 1914: In 1913 Ibn Saud launched an attack on Hofuf, where 1,200 Turkish troops had been stationed since the province's annexation in 1871. The Ottoman garrison was expelled from Hasa, and the territory fell to the Al Saud.
January 1914: In 1913, Emir Abdulaziz Al Saud of Riyadh captured the Sanjak of Hasa from the Ottomans, expanding his territory in the Arabian Peninsula.
December 1915: The British entered into the Treaty of Darin, which made the lands of the House of Saud a British protectorate.
July 1919: The First Saudi-Hashemite War or the Al-Khurma dispute took place in 1918-1919 between Abdulaziz Ibn Abdul Rahman AlSaud of the Emirate of Nejd and the Hashemites of the Kingdom of Hejaz. It resulted in the defeat of the Hashemite forces and capture of al-Khurma by the Saudis.
January 1922: The Sultanate of Nejd was the second iteration of the third Saudi state, from 1921.
January 1924: The Sheikdom of Upper Asir was occupied and annexed by the Sultanate of Nejd in 1923.
December 1925: In December 1925 the Kingdom of Hejaz surrendered to the forces of Abdul Aziz, who was thereafter proclaimed king of Hejaz in January 1926 and merged his dominions into the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.
October 1926: Due to the fear of his realm being annexed, especially by Yemen, the Emir signed a deal with Ibn Saud on a protectorate treaty in which the foreign policy would be handled by the Saudis.
January 1927: Border expansion of Nejd and Hejaz (based on maps).
May 1927: The Treaty of Darin was superseded by the Treaty of Jeddah. It recognised the independence of Ibn Saud and sovereignty over what was then known as the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.
September 1932: On 23 September 1932, Ibn Saud proclaimed the union of the main Saudi dominions of al-Hasa, Qatif, Nejd and the Hejaz as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
4.1.Saudi-Rashidi War (1903-1907)
Was a conflict between Saudi loyalist forces of the newborn Emirate of Riyadh and the Emirate of Ha'il (Jabal Shammar), supported by the Rashidis.
April 1906: Saudi forces takevore the al-Qassim region after a decsivie victory against the Emirate of Jabal Shammar.
January 1908: After several clashes, the Rashīdis (Jabal Shammar) and Saudis (Riyadh) engaged into a full scale war over the region of Qassim, which resulted in a painful defeat for the Rashīdis.
4.2.Conquest of al-Hasa
Was a Saudi expedition to conquer the Oasis of Al-Hasa, that was controlled by the Ottoman Empire since 1871.
May 1913: The Conquest of the al-Hasa Oasis from the Ottomans was achieved by the Saudi forces of ibn Saud with support from the Ikhwan (a religious militia made up of nomadic tribesmen) in April 1913.
4.3.Kuwait-Najd War
Was a war between the Saudi state of Nejd and Kuwait caused by the Saudis goal to annex Kuwait.
October 1920: Battle of Jahra.
December 1922: The Uqair Protocol or Uqair Convention was an agreement at Uqair on 2 December 1922 which defined the boundaries between Iraq and the Sultanate of Nejd and between Kuwait and Nejd. It was imposed by Percy Cox, the British High Commissioner to Iraq, in response to Bedouin raiders from Nejd under Ibn Saud.
4.4.Conquest of Ha'il
Was a war between the Emirate of Jabal Shammar and the Saudi Sultanate of Nejd.
November 1921: The last Al Rashid dynasty rulers surrendered Jabal Shammar to the Saudi forces.
4.5.Second Saudi-Hashemite War
Was a military campaign of the Saudi Sultanate of Nejd that resulted in the annexion of the Kingdom of Hejaz.
August 1924: Ibn-Saud began his military campaign against Hejaz by advancing towards Taif, which surrendered without a major struggle.
October 1924: In 1924, the city of Mecca fell without struggle to the forces of Abdulaziz Ibn Saud, the founder of the Sultanate of Nejd.
December 1925: The city of Medina surrendered to Saudi forces.
December 1925: Yanbu conquered by great britain.
January 1926: Jeddah was handed to Sultan Abdulaziz of Nejd and Saudi forces on December 1925, with the Saudi forces entering its gates on January 8, 1926, after capitulation and safe passage was negotiated between King bin Ali, Sultan Abdulaziz, and the British Consul by the city's ruler Sheikh Abdullah Alireza.
Was a global conflict between two coalitions, the Allies (primarily France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). It was mainly caused by the competition of the western countries over domain in Europe and in the rest of the world with their colonial empires. The war ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. The war also caused the Russian Revolution and the ensuing Russian Civil War.
5.1.World War I Middle East Theatre
Was the theatre of war in the Middle East during World War I.
5.1.1.Mesopotamian campaign
Was a military operation by the British Empire to conquer Ottoman-held Mesopotamia.
November 1918: British troops led by general Cobbe marched unopposed into the city of Mosul on the 14 November 1918.
Was a war between Saudi Arabia and the Kingdom of Yemen in 1934.
December 1933: In November 1933, the Yemenis advanced on Najran.
April 1934: On 20 March 1934, Saudi Arabia declared war on Yemen. The Saudis advanced quickly, capturing the disputed cities of Hajara and Najran.
April 1934: Haradh, a town in northern Yemen, was occupied by the Saudi army.
April 1934: Najaran conquered by saudi arabia.
May 1934: Saudi forces take Luhayya.
May 1934: Hodeida conquered by saudi arabia.
June 1934: The disputed areas of Jizan/Jizin, Asir, and Najran were incorporated into Saudi Arabia.
June 1934: It was reported that a Treaty had been signed between Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The Saudi's relinquished Hodeida and the Yemeni coast.
Was an armed conflict of Saudi Arabia against Oman and the Trucial States over the control of the Buraimi oasis.
August 1952: On 31 August 1952, a group of some 80 Saudi Arabian guards, 40 of whom were armed, led by the Saudi Emir of Ras Tanura, Turki bin Abdullah Al Otaishan, crossed Abu Dhabi territory and occupied Hamasa, one of three Omani villages in the oasis.
October 1955: The Trucial Oman Levies quickly took the oasis and captured all fifteen of the Saudi contingent.
Was a military conflict which broke out on 27 November 1969 between Saudi Arabia and the People's Republic of South Yemen after PRSY forces seized the town of al-Wadiah on the PRSY-Saudi Arabian border.
November 1969: A military conflict broke out between Saudi Arabia and the People's Republic of South Yemen after PRSY forces seized the town of al-Wadiah.
December 1969: The Al-Wadiah War ended when Saudi forces retook al-Wadiah.
Was the military intervention by a United Nations-authorized coalition led by the U.S. in 1991 to free Kuwait from Iraqi forces that occupied the country since August 1990.
9.1.Iraqi invasion of Saudi Arabia
Iraqi forces invaded the town of Khafji in Saudi Arabia during the First Gulf War. Saudi Arabia was part of the coalition that invaded Kuwait to free it from Iraqi occupation.
January 1991: Iraqi forces invade the town of Khafji in Saudi Arabia.
February 1991: Iraqi forces are driven out of Saudi Arabia.
Initially a series of anti-government protests and revolts across the Arab world, it soon evolved into a series of wars. The wars caused by the revolts are sometimes referred to as the Arab Winter.
10.1.Houthi insurgency in Yemen
Was an insurgency by Zaidi Shia Houthis against the Yemeni government that began in Northern Yemen and has since escalated into a full-scale civil war.
10.1.1.Houthi Attack in Saudi Arabia
Was the invasion of several border villages in Saudi Arabia during the Houthi insurgency in Yemen of 2004-2014.
November 2009: The Houthi insurgency took on an international dimension on 4 November 2009 when the Houthis attacked the Saudi border, killed one of the Saudi border guards, seized Al Khubah Village and other villages.
November 2009: On 5 November, Saudi Arabia responded to the Houthi invasion by launching heavy air strikes on rebels in northern Yemen, and moved troops nearer the border. Saudi government officials said that the air force had bombed Yemeni rebels who had seized a border area inside the kingdom, which they said had now been recaptured.
January 1787: Expansion of the Emirate of Diriyah by 1786.
January 1794: The Saudis invaded the Bani Khalid's domain in al-Hasa and deposed the Al 'Ura'yir in 1793.
January 1796: The Saudi defeated the Bani Khalid in 1795.
April 1802: In 1802, after gaining command of the Shi'a holy city of Karbala in 1801, Saud's forces were able to expand their territory to the Emirate of Diriyah. Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud was the ruler of Diriyah, while Karbala is a city in Iraq considered sacred by Shi'a Muslims.
May 1802: In 1801, Saud bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, the ruler of the First Saudi State, led his forces to capture the Shia holy city of Karbala in present-day Iraq. This event marked a significant conflict between the Ottomans and the Saudis over control of the region.
January 1809: Expansion of the Emirate of Diriyah by 1808.
January 1809: Hejaz conquered by Emirate of Diriyah.
January 1812: Said bin Sultan, ruler of Muscat, capitalised on this opportunity and raided the Wahhabi garrisons on the eastern coast, setting fire to the fort in Zubarah. The Al Khalifa were effectively returned to power thereafter.
January 1817: Expansion of the Emirate of Diriyah by 1816.
September 1818: In 1818, the city of Diriyah was destroyed by forces led by Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt, marking the end of the First Saudi State established by Muhammad bin Saud and Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab.
January 1825: In 1824, Turki ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad, a grandson of the first Saudi imam Muhammad ibn Saud who had managed to evade capture by the Egyptians, was able to expel Egyptian forces and their local allies from Riyadh and its environs.
January 1837: The Emirate of Jabal Shammar was established in 1836.
January 1839: Emir Faisal faced a re-invasion of Najd by the Egyptians. The local population was unwilling to resist, and Faisal was defeated and taken to Egypt as a prisoner.
January 1841: External conflicts forced the Egyptians to withdraw all their presence in the Arabian Peninsula.
June 1934: Emir Al-Hasan of Asir sought the restoration of his previously independent authority with limiting of the of the protectorate treaty. This led him to contacting the Imam of Yemen, being dissatisfied with Saudi overlordship. King ibn Saud responded with carrying out the full annexation of the Emirate in 1934 (in accordance with the Treaty of Taif).
January 1950: The enclaves of Madha and Nahwa appear to have arisen in the 1930s-40, following a dispute over the ownership of the area between Oman and the local emirs.
January 1966: In 1965 Jordan and Saudi Arabia concluded a bilateral agreement that realigned their border.
January 1970: A demarcation agreement dividing the Neutral Zone of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia was signed on 17 December 1967 but did not formally take effect until the exchange of instruments and signing which took place in Kuwait on 18 December 1969. Ratification followed on 18 January 1970.
November 2021: Qatar and Saudi Arabia demarcate their border, expanding Qatar's territory to include the southern shore of the Khawr al Udayd.
saudi arabia
