Second Mexican Empire
This article is about the specific polity Second Mexican Empire and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
Was a constitutional monarchy established in Mexico by Mexican monarchists in conjunction with the Second French Empire. The Mexican Empire was never able to control the entire territory of Mexico and the Republic of Mexico continued to exist. In 1867 the French left all the occupied territories, the Mexican Empire ended, and the Republic was restored over the whole country.
Establishment
April 1864: Archduke Maximilian of Austria was installed as Emperor of Mexico by Napoleon III of France with the Treaty of Miramar. In reality, Maximilian was a puppet monarch of the Second French Empire.
April 1864: The French, under Napoleon III, attempted to set up a client state known as the Second Mexican Empire with Emperor Maximilian I. This was in response to the Second Federal Republic of Mexico led by President Benito Juárez.
June 1864: Fall of Acapulco to Imperial forces on 3 June 1864.
July 1864: In 1864, during the French intervention in Mexico, the city of Durango was occupied by French forces.
December 1864: The defeat of republicans in the states of Sinaloa and Jalisco in November 1864 was a significant victory for the Second Mexican Empire led by Emperor Maximilian I and General Tomas Mejia. This marked a turning point in the French intervention in Mexico.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were two French military interventions in Mexico.
1.1.Second French intervention in Mexico
Was an invasion of Mexico by the Second French Empire. It led to the creation of the Second Mexican Empire, a French protectorate, which collapsed after the withdrawal of the French troops.
1.1.1.French Invasion (Second French intervention in Mexico)
Was the French military campaign to occupy Mexico during the Second French intervention in Mexico.
February 1865: French General Bazaine captured Oaxaca.
March 1865: The French fleet landed soldiers who captured Guaymas.
April 1865: In 1865, Republican forces led by General Nicolás Régules defeated Imperial forces commanded by General Leonardo Márquez at Tacámbaro in Michoacán during the Second French intervention in Mexico. This victory was a significant blow to the Second Mexican Empire established by Emperor Maximilian I.
May 1865: In 1865, during the Second French intervention in Mexico, Republican forces led by General Nicolás Régules defeated Imperial forces at Tacámbaro in Michoacán. This victory was a significant blow to Emperor Maximilian I's regime.
June 1865: In April and May the republicans had many forces in the states of Sinaloa and Chihuahua. Most towns along the Rio Grande were also occupied by republicans.
1.1.2.French withdrawal (Second French intervention in Mexico)
Was the withdrawal of French forces from Mexico at the end of the Second French intervention in Mexico.
March 1866: In 1866, choosing Franco-American relations over his Mexican monarchy ambitions, Napoleon III announced the withdrawal of French forces beginning 31 May. The Republicans won a series of crippling victories taking immediate advantage of the end of French military support to the Imperial troops, occupying Chihuahua on 25 March.
July 1866: The Republicans took Guadalajara on 8 July.
July 1866: The French evacuated Monterrey on 26 July.
August 1866: The Second Federal Republic of Mexico captured Matamoros, Tampico and Acapulco in July.
August 1866: Saltillo was occupied by the Republicans on 5 August.
October 1866: State of Sonora conquered by Second Federal Republic of Mexico.
October 1866: The Republicans, led by General Porfirio Díaz, defeated the imperial troops of Emperor Maximilian I in the Battle of Miahuatlán in Oaxaca in 1866. This victory was a significant moment in the struggle between the Second Federal Republic of Mexico and the French-backed Second Mexican Empire.
November 1866: Ramón Corona was a Mexican general who played a key role in the French intervention in Mexico. The French forces, led by Emperor Maximilian, agreed to withdraw from Mazatlán as part of the terms negotiated with Ramón Corona in 1866.
December 1866: The whole of Oaxaca was occupied in November by the Republic of Mexico.
February 1867: In January 1867, the Republicans led by President Benito Juárez occupied the states of Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, and Guanajuato during the Second French intervention in Mexico. This marked a significant advance for the Second Federal Republic of Mexico in their fight against the French-backed Imperial forces.
March 1867: Maximilian I of Mexico withdrew to Querétaro. The Republicans began a siege of the city on 9 March.
April 1867: Mexico City conquered by Second Federal Republic of Mexico.
June 1867: Ultimately the French were unable to consolidate control of the entire nation and under pressure from the United States which after the end of the Civil War, could more effectively enforce the Monroe Doctrine, withdrew from Mexico, leading to the Empire's collapse in 1867.
Disestablishment
February 1867: In January 1867, the Republicans led by President Benito Juárez occupied the states of Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, and Guanajuato during the Second French intervention in Mexico. This marked a significant advance for the Second Federal Republic of Mexico in their fight against the French-backed Imperial forces.
March 1867: Maximilian I of Mexico withdrew to Querétaro. The Republicans began a siege of the city on 9 March.
April 1867: Mexico City conquered by Second Federal Republic of Mexico.
June 1867: Ultimately the French were unable to consolidate control of the entire nation and under pressure from the United States which after the end of the Civil War, could more effectively enforce the Monroe Doctrine, withdrew from Mexico, leading to the Empire's collapse in 1867.
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