This article is about the specific polity Goryeo and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
Was the polity that unified the Korean Peninsula for the first time.
Establishment
January 902: Silla, after nearly a millennium as a centralized kingdom, was quickly declining, and Gung Ye instigated his own rebellion and absorbed Wang Geon's forces at Songak. In 898, He set up the capital in Songak and eventually defeated Yang Gil and other local lords in central Korea to proclaim himself king in 901. The state's initial name was Goryeo.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a series of 10th- and 11th-century conflicts between the Goryeo dynasty of Korea and the Khitan-led Liao dynasty of China near the present-day border between China and North Korea.
1.1.First conflict in the Goryeo-Khitan War
Was a 10th-century conflict between the Goryeo dynasty of Korea and the Khitan-led Liao dynasty of China near what is now the border between China and North Korea.
January 994: In 993, the Khitan invaded Goryeo's northwest border with an army that the Liao commander claimed to number 800,000. They forced Goryeo to end its tributary relations with the Song dynasty, to become a Liao tributary state and to adopt Liao's calendar.
February 994: In 993, the Khitan invaded Goryeo's northwest border with an army that the Liao commander claimed to number 800,000. They forced Goryeo to end its tributary relations with the Song dynasty, to become a Liao tributary state and to adopt Liao's calendar.
1.2.Second conflict in the Goryeo-Khitan War
Was an 11th-century conflict between the Goryeo dynasty of Korea and the Khitan-led Liao dynasty of China near what is now the border between China and North Korea.
January 1011: The Khitans (the Liao Dynasty) sacked the Goryeo capital Kaesong.
February 1011: The Khitans (the Liao Dynasty) left the Goryeo capital Kaesong.
1.3.Third conflict in the Goryeo-Khitan War
Was an 11th-century conflict between the Goryeo dynasty of Korea and the Khitan-led Liao dynasty of China near what is now the border between China and North Korea.
January 1019: The Khitans launched an invasion of Korea with a 100,000 strong army, but the army was crushed by general Gang Gamchan at the Great Battle of Guiju. Thus, Goryeo expanded its territory to the north as far as the Yalu River basin.
Were a series of military campaigny by the Mongols that created the largest contiguous Empire in history, the Mongol Empire, which controlled most of Eurasia.
2.1.Conquest of Jin China
Was the Mongol conquest of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in Manchuria and North China.
2.1.1.Conquest of Eastern Xia
Was the Mongol conquest of Western Xia.
January 1217: In 1217, due to the Mongol Invasions, Eastern Xia ruler Puxian Wannu left the area of Liaoning. He relocated to northeast Manchuria along the border with Korea.
2.2.Invasions of Korea
A series of campaigns were conducted between 1231 and 1270 by the Mongol Empire against the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. The last campaign made Goryeo a vassal state of the Yuan dynasty.
2.2.1.First Mongol Invasion of Korea
Was the first of a series of military invasion of Korea by the Mongol Empire.
October 1231: Kuju is besieged by the Mongols.
January 1232: In 1231, the Mongols, led by Genghis Khan's grandson Batu Khan, captured the territory of Anju. This conquest was part of the Mongol Empire's expansion into the Korean Peninsula and China, solidifying their control over the region.
January 1232: In 1231, Ögedei Khan ordered the invasion of Korea. The Mongol army crossed the Yalu river and quickly secured the surrender of the border town of Uiju.
February 1232: The Mongols were forced to retreat from Kuju.
June 1232: Mongol General Saritai began withdrawing his main force from Korea in the spring of 1232.
2.2.2.Second Mongol Invasion of Korea
Was the second of a series of military invasion of Korea by the Mongol Empire.
December 1232: The Mongols occupied much of northern Korea.
December 1232: The Mongol general there, Saritai, was killed by the monk Kim Yun-hu amidst strong civilian resistance at the Battle of Cheoin near Yongin, forcing the Mongols to withdraw from Korea.
2.2.3.Third Mongol Invasion of Korea
Was the third of a series of military invasion of Korea by the Mongol Empire.
January 1236: In 1235, the Mongols began a campaign that ravaged parts of Gyeongsang and Jeolla Provinces. Civilian resistance was strong, and the Royal Court at Ganghwa attempted to strengthen its fortress
February 1236: In 1238, Goryeo sued the Mongols for peace. The Mongols withdrew from Korea, in exchange for Goryeo's agreement to send the Royal Family as hostages.
2.2.4.Fourth Mongol Invasion of Korea
Was the fourth of a series of military invasion of Korea by the Mongol Empire.
January 1248: In 1247, the Mongols, led by Güyük Khan, launched their fourth campaign on the Korean Peninsula, capturing the entire Peninsula except for Ganghwa island and mountain forts.
February 1248: After Güyük Khan's death in 1248, the Mongols retreated from Korea.
2.2.5.Fifth Mongol Invasion of Korea
Was the fifth of a series of military invasion of Korea by the Mongol Empire.
August 1253: Military campaign in Korea led by Mongol Empire's general Bayan.
September 1253: The Mongols agreed to a cease fire with Goryeo in January 1254 and left Korea.
2.2.6.Sixth Mongol Invasion of Korea
Was the last of a series of military invasion of Korea by the Mongol Empire, and the Goryeo Dynasty of Korea finally became a vassal of Mongols.
January 1255: The Mongols under Jalairtai launched a devastating invasion of Korea.
February 1255: The Mongols leave Korea.
January 1260: The Korean kingdom of Goryeo capitulated in 1259 and became a vassal.
January 905: Gung Ye changed the state of Goryeo's name to Majin in 904.
January 919: In 918, Gung Ye was deposed by his own generals, and Wang Geon was raised to the throne. Wang Geon, who would posthumously be known by his temple name of Taejo or "Grand Progenitor", changed the name of his kingdom back to "Goryeo".
January 936: Its last king, Gyeongsun, ruled over the state in name only and submitted to Wang Geon of the emerging Goryeo in 935, bringing the Silla dynasty to an end.
January 937: Later Baekje fell to Wang Geon's Goryeo army in 936.
January 994: First conflict in the Goryeo-Khitan War: Liao gave Goryeo permission to incorporate the land between the border of Liao and that of Goryeo, which was occupied by Jurchen tribes that were troublesome to Liao, up to the Yalu River.
January 1001: Extension of the Liao Dynasty by the year 1000.
January 1357: In 1356, Goryeo briefly conquered Liaoyang.
January 1357: Independence of Korea was regained during the reign of Gongmin in the mid 14th century.
February 1357: Goryeo leaves Liaoyang after a brief occupation.
January 1371: The Mongols retreated to Karakorum after the fall of Yingchang in 1370, where they carried on calling themselves the Great Yuan, known retroactively as the Northern Yuan.
July 1392: In 1388, King U (son of King Gongmin and a concubine) and general Choe Yeong planned a campaign to invade present-day Liaoning of China. King U put the general Yi Seong-gye (later Taejo) in charge, but he stopped at the border and rebelled. Goryeo fell to General Yi Seong-gye, a son of Yi Ja-chun, who put to death the last three Goryeo kings, usurped the throne and established in 1392 the Joseon dynasty.
Disestablishment
July 1392: In 1388, King U (son of King Gongmin and a concubine) and general Choe Yeong planned a campaign to invade present-day Liaoning of China. King U put the general Yi Seong-gye (later Taejo) in charge, but he stopped at the border and rebelled. Goryeo fell to General Yi Seong-gye, a son of Yi Ja-chun, who put to death the last three Goryeo kings, usurped the throne and established in 1392 the Joseon dynasty.
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Goryeo
